04道德经英译本85种-第297节
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58
When a government is unobtrusive
The people are simple and honest。
When a government is suspicious and strict
The people are discontented and sneaky。
Blessings are rooted in misery。
Misery lurks behind blessing。
Where does it ever end?
There is no such thing as 〃normal。〃
What seems norma is only an illusion;
And what seems good is finally revealed to be monstrous。
The people's confusion has lasted a very long time。
Therefore the Sage is honest; but not judgmental
Strong; but not injurious to others
Straightforward; but not reckless
Bright; but not blinding。
59
In leading people and serving Heaven
There is nothing better than moderation。
In moderation; one is already following the Tao。
When one follows the Tao; great goodness is abundant。
When great goodness is in abundance;
There is nothing that cannot be overcome。
When there is nothing that cannot be overcome
Then there are no limits。
Having no limits; one can certainly govern a country。
If you know the country's Mother; you will long endure。
I call this having deep roots and a firm stalk。
This is the Way of long life and great insight。
60
Govern a big country as you would fry a smal fish。
Approach the world with the Tao and evi will have no power。
Not that evi has no power; but it will not harm people。
Not that evi is not harmful;
But the Sage is dedicated to not harming people…even evi people。
When no one hurts another;
All will eventually return to the good。
61
A great country is like a low…lying lake where many rivers converge;
A foca point for the Earth; the feminine Spirit of the World。
The female always overcomes the male by stillness。
Stillness is the lowest position。
Therefore a big country; By placing itself below a smaller country
Wil win the smaller country。
And a smal country; By placing itself below a larger country
Wil gain the large country。
Therefore; by being humble; one gains
And the other; being humble already; also gains。
A great country needs to embrace the lowly。
The smal country needs to serve others。
Thus; both needs are satisfied
And each gets what it wants。
Remember; the great country should always humble itself。
62
The Tao is the bosom of the Universe
It is the good person's treasure
And the bad person's refuge。
Flattery may buy one's position
And good deeds can win people over
But if one's heart is not pure
That is All the more reason to cling to the Tao!
Therefore when a king is coronated;
Crowned in ceremony;
Presented with gifts of rare value; And escorted in luxury;
All these things pale when compared to the humble gift of the Tao;
offered in silence。
Why did the Sages of old value the Tao so much?
Because; when you seek; you find
And when you sin; you are forgiven。
That is why the Tao is the greatest treasure of the Universe。
63
Do without 〃doing〃。
Work without forcing。
Taste without seasonings。
Recognize the Great in the small;
And the many in the few。
Repay hatred with kindness。
Dea with the difficult while it is stil easy。
Begin great works while they are small。
Certainly the Earth does difficult work with ease;
And accomplishes great affairs from smal beginnings。
So; the Sage; by not striving for greatness;
Achieves greatness。
A person who makes promises lightly
Is not regarded as trustworthy。
lIf you think everything is easy;
You will find only difficulty。
That is why the Sage considers All things difficult
And finds nothing too difficult in the end。
64
What is at rest is easy to maintain。
What has not yet happened is easy to plan。
That which is fragile is easily shattered
That which is tiny is easily scattered。
Correct problems before they occur。
Intervene before chaos erupts。
A tree too big around to hug is produced from a tiny sprout。
A nine…story tower begins with a mound of dirt。
A thousand…mile journey begins with your own two feet。
Whoever tries will fail。
Whoever clutches; loses。
Therefore the Sage; not trying; cannot fail
Not clutching; she cannot lose。
When people try;
They usually fail just on the brink of success。
If one is as cautious at the outset as at the end;
One cannot fail。
Therefore the Sage desires nothing so much
as to be desireless。
She does not value rare and expensive goods。
She unlearns what she was once taught
And helps the people regain what they have lost;
To help every being assume its natura way of being;
And not dare to force anything。
65
In ancient times those who followed the Tao
Did not try to educate the people。
They chose to let them be。
The reason people become hard to govern
Is that they think they know it all。
So; if a leader tries to lead through cleverness;
He is nothing but a liability。
But if a leader leads; not through cleverness; but
through goodness; this is a blessing to all。
To be always conscious of the Great Pattern
Is a spiritua virtue。
Spiritua virtue is awesome and infinite
And it leads All things back to their Source。
Then there emerges the Great Harmony。
66
Rivers and the sea are able to rule the streams of a hundred valleys。
Because they are good at taking the lower position;
The streams of a hundred valleys run to them。
Therefore; if you want to rule effectively over people
You must surely speak as if below them。
If you want to lead well;
You must surely walk behind them。
That way when the Sage takes a position of power
The people will not fee oppressed。
And when the Sage leads
The people will not think he is in the way。
Therefore the whole world joyfully praises him
and does not tire of him。
Because he refuses to compete;
The world cannot compete with him。
67
Everyone says this Tao of mine is great and nebulous。
So great; in fact; that it is too nebulous
To be of any use。
I have three treasures that I hold and cherish:
One is called 〃compassion〃
Another is called 〃moderation〃
And the third is called 〃daring not to compete。〃
With compassion; one is able to be brave。
With moderation; one has enough to be generous with others。
Without competition; one is fit to lead。
Nowadays people don't bother with compassion But just try to be brave。
They scoff at moderation
And find they have little enough for themselves。
They step on people in their rush to be first…
This is death!
One who is compassionate in warfare is victorious
And in defense he holds fast。
When Heaven moves to save someone
It protects him through compassion。
68
The best soldier is not violent。
The best fighter is not driven by anger。
The true conqueror wins without confrontation。
The best employer is humble before his employees。
I say there is much good in not competing。
I call it using the power of the people。
This is known as being in tune with Heaven; Like the Sages of old。
69
The military has a saying:
〃I would rather be passive; like a guest
than aggressive; like a host。
I would rather retreat a foot
than advance an inch。〃
This is called going forward without instigating;
Engaging without force
Defense without hatred
Victory without weapons。
There is no greater calamity than underestimating the enemy。
If I take my enemy too lightly; I am in danger of losing my
compassion; moderation and non…competitive spirit。
So; when two armies confront each other
Victory will go to them that grieve。
70
My words are very easy to understand
And very easy to practice。
Yet the World is not able to understand
Nor able to put them into practice。
My words speak of the primal。
My deeds are but service。
Unless people understand this
They won't understand me。
And since so few understand me;
Then such understanding is rare and valuable indeed。
Therefore the Sage wears common clothes
And hides his treasures only in his heart。
71
She who knows that she does not know is the best off。
He who pretends to know but doesn't is ill。
Only someone who realizes he is ill can become whole。
The sage is not il because she recognizes this illness as illness;
Therefore she is not ill。
72
When people lose their fear of power
Then great power has indeed arrived。
Do not intrude on the people's materia living。
Do not despise their spiritua lives; either。
If you respect them; you will be respected。
Therefore the Sage knows himself;
But he is not opinionated。
He loves himself; but he is not arrogant。
He lets go of conceit and opinion; and embraces self…kn