04道德经英译本85种-第275节
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How can such people start with life but end with death? Usually; they start out wishing to live life to the fullest; so they sample all the pleasures of the material world。 But it is easy to overindulge when they do so; and soon their excessive lifestyles begin to take a heavy toll on their health and peace of mind。 Thus; overindulgence leads them toward death。
Nine persons out of ten fit in one of the three categories above: fearful living; dangerous living; or excessive living。 The rare exception; the one…in…ten minority; is the type of person who can transcend the predictable patterns that most people fall into。
We've heard of people like this; who are good at cultivating life。 They enjoy living in moderation; they do not shrink from the unfamiliar; at the same time; they are also not foolhardy。 They are the skillful players … not spectators … in the game of life。 They are fully engaged and fully committed in their interactions with others and the world。
Because of the way they live; they do not encounter dangerous beasts representing the hazards of daily existence as they travel the road of life。 When they wade into the battlefield of social competition; they are not harmed by the many weapons wielded by soldiers; representing personal attacks。
Their impeccable conduct leaves no room for others to hurt them with vicious rumors; innuendoes or insinuations。 It is as if the wild rhinocerous of underhanded; back…stabbing tactics cannot find a place to thrust its deadly horn。
They feel no need to defend their point of view; nor to convince or persuade others of the correctness of their perspective。 Thus; the tigers of blame; criticism and petty bickering have no target upon which to use their lethal claws。
When destructive force comes their way; they do not attempt to counter it head…on with equal or greater force。 Instead; they expend minimal energy and redirect it away from themselves。 Thus; the swords of negativity are deflected and cannot touch them。
How can they deal with life with such ease? It isn't so much that they possess toughness; so that slings and arrows bounce off them and outrageous fortune cannot hurt them。 Rather; theirs is the ability to transcend fear; risk; and excess in their approach to life。 Their mastery of living simply leaves no room for anything that is negative or destructive。
Notes
Quite a few translations render 〃three in ten〃 as one…third。 This is not correct。 If that is what Lao Tzu wanted to express; he would simply say 〃one in three;〃 which would rule out any possibility of confusion。
The fourth category; the rare one person out of ten; is not specifically stated; only implied。 As a result; many interpretations miss it completely。 Now that you have seen this translation and know what you're looking for; try comparing it with other translations and you should be able to see it more clearly than before。
51
Tao produces them
Virtue raises them
Things shape them
Forces perfect them
Therefore all things respect the Tao and value virtue
The respect for Tao; the value of virtue
Not due to command but to constant nature
Thus Tao produces them
Virtue raises them
Grows them; educates them
Perfects them; matures them
Nurtures them; protects them
Produces but does not possess
Acts but does not flaunt
Nurtures but does not dominate
This is called mystic virtue
The Tao is the source of creation。 The Tao gives birth to all living things。
Virtue raises all living things。 In other words; all living things grow and develop by virtue of the life force within them。 Their virtue is their inherent power of life; which is an essential part of the Tao。
The tangible aspects of the environment shape all living things。 The physical environment
Therefore; there are none of the myriad things who do not venerate the Tao
or esteem itsvirtue。
This veneration of the Tao and esteeming of its virtue is something they do naturally; withoutbeing forced。
Therefore; Tao gives birth。
Its virtue rears; develops; raises; adjusts and disciplines;
Nourishes; covers and protects;
Produces but does not possess;
Acts without expectation;
Leads without forcing。
This is called 〃Mysterious Virtue。〃
When the Tao produces and its energy nourishes;
nature forms and natural forces establish。 On this account there is nothing that does not honor the Tao and reverence its energy。 This honor and reverence are spontaneous; not the result of a mandate。
So the Tao produces。 Its energy nourishes; increases; feeds; establishes; matures; controls; broods over。
It produces; but keeps nothing for itself; acts; but does not depend on its action; increases; but does not insist on having its own way。 This indeed is the mystery of energy。
52
The world has a beginning
We regard it as the mother of the world
Having its mother
We can know her children
Knowing her children
Still holding on to the mother
Live without danger all through life
Close the mouth
Shut the doors
Live without toil all through life
Open the mouth
Meddle in the affairs
Live without salvation all through life
Seeing details is called clarity
Holding on to the soft is called strength
Utilize the light
Return to the clarity
Leaving no disasters for the self
This is called following constancy
53
If I have a little knowledge
Walking on the great Tao
I fear only to deviate from it
The great Tao is broad and plain
But people like the side paths
The courts are corrupt
The fields are barren
The warehouses are empty
Officials wear fineries
Carry sharp swords
Fill up on drinks and food
Acquire excessive wealth
This is called robbery
It is not the Tao!
54
That which is well established cannot be uprooted
That which is strongly held cannot be taken
The descendants will commemorate it forever
Cultivate it in yourself; its virtue shall be true
Cultivate it in the family; its virtue shall be abundant
Cultivate it in the community; its virtue shall be lasting
Cultivate it in the country; its virtue shall be prosperous
Cultivate it in the world; its virtue shall be widespread
Therefore observe others with yourself
Observe other families with your family
Observe other communities with your community
Observe other countries with your country
Observe the world with the world
With what do I know the world?
With this
The well…established cannot be uprooted。
The well…grasped does not slip away。
Generation after generation carries out the ancestor worship without break。
Cultivate it in yourself and virtue will be real。
Cultivate it in the family and virtue will overflow。
Cultivate it in the town and virtue will be great。
Cultivate it in the country and virtue will abundant。
Cultivate it in the world and virtue will be everywhere。
Therefore; take yourself and observe yourself。
Take the family and observe the family。
Take the town and observe the town。
Take the country and observe the country。
Take the world and observe the world。
How do I know the world as it is?
By this。
Who plants well will not have his work uprooted; who embraces well will not lose what he holds;
the offerings of his sons and grandsons will never end。
Who thus regulates himself has virtue which is genuine; who thus regulates his household has virtue which overflows; who thus regulates his neighborhood has virtue which excels; who thus regulates the state has virtue which abounds; who thus regulates the world has virtue which is universal。
Therefore let every man prove himself; let each household; neighborhood; and state do the same; let the world also follow the same course。
How do I know that it must be thus with the world? By this same (which has been just said)。
55
Those who hold an abundance of virtue
Are similar to newborn infants
Poisonous insects do not sting them
Wild beasts do not claw them
Birds of prey do not attack them
Their bones are weak; tendons are soft
But their grasp is firm
They do not know of sexual union but can manifest arousal
Due to the optimum of essence
They can cry the whole day and yet not be hoarse
Due to the optimum of harmony
Knowing harmony is said to be constancy
Knowing constancy is said to be clarity
Excessive vitality is said to be inauspicious
Mind overusing energy is said to be aggressive
Things become strong and then grow old
This is called contrary to the Tao
That which is contrary to the Tao will soon perish
Tao cultivators wish to return to a purer and simpler state of mind。 It is a state full of bliss and grace。 We have all experienced it as infants; but have forgotten as we grew up and became more and more affected by the material world。
Infants are protected from danger。 Someone who has cultivated much virtue and t