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第255节

04道德经英译本85种-第255节

小说: 04道德经英译本85种 字数: 每页4000字

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  Hence to rule a state by cleverness
  Will be to the detriment of the state;
  Not to rule a state by cleverness
  Will be a boon to the state。
  These two are models。
  Always to know the models
  Is known as mysterious virtue。
  Mysterious virtue is profound and far…reaching;
  But when things turn back it turns back with them。

  Only then is complete conformity realized。

  66

  The reason why the River and the Sea are able to be king of the hundredvalleys is that they excel in taking the lower position。
  Hence they are able to be king of the hundred valleys。

  Therefore; desiring to rule over the people;
  One must in one's words humble oneself before them;
  And; desiring to lead the people;
  One must; in one's person; follow behind them。

  Therefore the sage takes his place over the people yet is no burden;
  takes his place ahead of the people yet causes no obstruction。
  That is why the empire supports him joyfully and never tires of doingso。

  It is because he does not contend that no one in the empire is in aposition to contend with him。

  67

  The whole world says that my way is vast and resembles nothing。
  It is because it is vast that it resembles nothing。
  If it resembled anything; it would; long before now; have become small。

  I have three treasures
  Which I hold and cherish。
  The first is known as compassion;
  The second is known as frugality;
  The third is known as not daring to take the lead in the empire;
  Being compassionate one could afford to be courageous;
  Being frugal one could afford to extend one's territory;
  Not daring to take the lead in the empire one could afford to be lordover the vessels。

  Now; to forsake compassion for courage; to forsake frugality for expansion;to forsake the rear for the lead; is sure to end in death。

  Through compassion; one will triumph in attack and be impregnable indefence。
  What heaven succours it protects with the gift of compassion。

  68

  One who excels as a warrior does not appear formidable;
  One who excels in fighting is never roused in anger;
  One who excels in defeating his enemy does not join issue;
  One who excels in employing others humbles himself before them。

  This is known as the virtue of non…contention;
  This is known as making use of the efforts of others;
  This is known as matching the sublimity of heaven。

  69

  The strategists have a saying;
  I dare not play the host but play the guest;
  I dare not advance an inch but retreat a foot instead。

  This is known as marching forward when there is no road;
  Rolling up one's sleeves when there is no arm;
  Dragging one's adversary by force when there is no adversary;
  And taking up arms when there are no arms。

  There is no disaster greater than taking on an enemy too easily。
  So doing nearly cost me my treasure。
  Thus of two sides raising arms against each other;
  It is the one that is sorrow…stricken that wins。

  70

  My words are very easy to understand and very easy to put into practice;
  Yet no one in the world can understand them or put them into practice。

  Words have an ancestor and affairs have a sovereign。

  It is because people are ignorant that they fail to understand me。
  Those who understand me are few;
  Those who harm me are honoured。

  Therefore the sage; while clad in homespun; conceals on his person apriceless piece of jade。

  71

  To know yet to think that one does not know is best;
  Not to know yet to think that one knows will lead to difficulty。

  It is by being alive to difficulty that one can avoid it。
  The sage meets with no difficulty。
  It is because he is alive to it that he meets with no difficulty。

  72

  When the people lack a proper sense of awe; then some awful visitationwill descend upon them。

  Do not constrict their living space;
  Do not press down on their means of livelihood。
  It is because you do not press down on them that they will not wearyof the burden。

  Hence the sage knows himself but does not display himself;
  Loves himself but does not exalt himself。

  Therefore he discards the one and takes the other。

  73

  He who is fearless in being bold will meet with his death;
  He who is fearless in being timid will stay alive。
  Of the two; one leads to good; the other to harm。

  Heaven hates what it hates;
  Who knows the reason why?

  Therefore even the sage treats some things as difficult。

  The way of heaven
  Excels in overcoming though it does not contend;
  In responding though it does not speak;
  In attracting though it does not summon;
  In laying plans though it appears slack。

  The net of heaven is cast wide。
  Though the mesh is not fine; yet nothing ever slips through。

  74

  When the people are not afraid of death; wherefore frighten them withdeath?
  Were the people always afraid of death; and were I able to arrest andput to death those who innovate; then who would dare?
  There is a regular executioner whose charge it is to kill。
  To kill on behalf of the executioner is what is described as choppingwood on behalf of the master carpenter。
  In chopping wood on behalf of the master carpenter; there are few whoescape hurting their own hands instead。

  75

  The people are hungry:
  It is because those in authority eat up too much in taxes
  That the people are hungry。
  The people are difficult to govern。
  It is because those in authority are too fond of action
  That the people are difficult to govern。
  The people treat death lightly:
  It is because the people set too much store by life
  That they treat death lightly。

  It is just because one has no use for life that one is wiser than theman who values life。

  76

  A man is supple and weak when living; but hard and stiff when dead。
  Grass and trees are pliant and fragile when living; but dried and shrivelledwhen dead。
  Thus the hard and the strong are the comrades of death;
  The supple and the weak are the comrades of life。

  Therefore a weapon that is strong will not vanquish;
  A tree that is strong will suffer the axe。
  The strong and big takes the lower position;
  The supple and weak takes the higher position。

  77

  Is not the way of heaven like the stretching of a bow?
  The high it presses down;
  The low it lifts up;
  The excessive it takes from;
  The deficient it gives to。

  It is the way of heaven to take from what has in excess in order tomake good what is deficient。
  The way of man is otherwise: it takes from those who are in want inorder to offer this to those who already have more than enough。
  Who is there that can take what he himself has in excess and offerthis to the empire?
  Only he who has the way。

  Therefore the sage benefits them yet exacts no gratitude;
  Accomplishes his task yet lays claim to no merit。

  Is this not because he does not wish to be considered a better man thanothers?

  78

  In the world there is nothing more submissive and weak than water。
  Yet for attacking that which is hard and strong nothing can surpassit。
  This is because there is nothing that can take its place。

  That the weak overcomes the strong;
  And the submissive overcomes the hard;
  Everyone in the world knows yet no one can put this knowledge intopractice。

  Therefore the sage says;
  One who takes on himself the humiliation of the state
  Is called a ruler worthy of offering sacrifices to the gods of earthand millet。
  One who takes on himself the calamity of the state
  Is called a king worthy of dominion over the entire empire。

  Straightforward words seem paradoxical。

  79

  When peace is made between great enemies;
  Some enmity is bound to remain undispelled。
  How can this be considered perfect?

  Therefore the sage takes the left…hand tally; but exacts no paymentfrom the people。
  The man of virtue takes charge of the tally;
  The man of no virtue takes charge of exaction。

  It is the way of heaven to show no favoritism。
  It is for ever on the side of the good man。

  80

  Reduce the size of the population and the state。
  Ensure that even though the people have tools of war for a troop ora battalion they will not use them;
  And also that they will be reluctant to move to distant places becausethey look on death as no light matter。

  Even when they have ships and carts; they will have no use for them;
  And even when they have armor and weapons; they will have no occasionto make a show of them。

  Bring it about that the people will return to the use of the knottedrope;
  Will find relish in their food
  And beauty in their clothes;
  Will be content in their abode
  And happy in the way they live。

  Though adjoining states are within sight of one another;
  And the sound of dogs barking and cocks crowing in one state can beheard in an

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