04道德经英译本85种-第100节
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Being the Mother of the country;
you will have deep roots and a firm base。
Your reign will be long杔asting。
This is the Tao of long life and eternal vision。
60
Rule a large country as you would cook a small fish。
Follow the Tao; and evil will be subdued。
Evil will still be there; but it won't be able to do much harm。
The Tao朚aster does no harm。
If no harm is done; then the power of the Tao can flow on。
61
A great country is like a sea into which all streams flow;
the Female of the world。
The Female overcomes the Male with stillness。
The woman overcomes the man by lying underneath him。
Therefore; a great country dominates a small country by submitting to it;
and a small country can dominate a great country by submitting to it。
Yield and conquer。
A great country wants to unite and shelter people。
A small country wants to come in and be sheltered。
Each gets what it wants。
Thus; the great country should yield。
62
The Tao is the source of all things;
the good man's treasure; the bad man's refuge。
You can buy beautiful words。
You can build your reputation with good deeds。
But even bad people can use beautiful words and perform good deeds。
So when the new emperor is crowned
(and the three ministers of state are installed);
do not send gifts of jade and four杊orse chariots。
Instead; be still; and offer the Tao。
The ancients treasured the Tao because; when you seek it; you find it;
through the Tao; even sinners receive forgiveness。
That is why everybody loves the Tao。
63
Act without ado; work without effort。
Taste the tasteless; treat the small as large and the few as many。
Reward evil with goodness。
Take on the difficult while it is still easy; the large while it is still small。
Difficult always begins as easy; large always begins as small。
Therefore; the Tao朚aster never tries to be great。
As a result; he accomplishes great things。
Big promises produce little trust。
Treating something as quite easy makes it very difficult。
The Tao朚aster regards everything as difficult;
which means that; for him; everything is easy。
64
That which is lying still is easy to pick up。
That which has not yet happened is easy to prevent。
That which is brittle is easily shattered。
That which is small is easily scattered。
Deal with things before they become problems。
Straighten things out before they become confused。
A huge tree begins as a tiny sprout。
A terrace nine storeys high begins as a small pile of dirt。
The giant pine tree grows from a tiny sprout。
A thousand杕ile journey begins with a single step。
Intrude and ruin。
Grasp and lose。
Therefore; the Tao朚aster practices non朼do and so does not ruin;
he is not grasping and so does not lose。
People often fail just when they are about to succeed。
Be as careful at the end as you are at the beginning;
and you will not fail。
Therefore; the Tao朚aster desires no杁esire;
treasures no treasures; studies no studies。
He pays attention to what others have ignored。
He helps all things find their center;
all without ado。
65
The ancient rulers who followed the Tao
did not try to enlighten the people;
but rather aimed at making them dull。
People are hard to govern because they are so clever。
Rulers who seek to enlighten the people
are like bandits who prey upon the land。
Rulers who forget about enlightening the people
are a real blessing to the nation。
Remember these two enduring principles:
they represent the power 'Te' of the Tao。
Te goes deep and far。
All things turn back and reach original harmony。
66
Great rivers and seas are kings to hundreds of lesser streams
because they lie lower than the lesser streams。
To stand above; you must speak from below。
To lead; you must follow behind。
This is how the ruler who follows the Tao
stands above and leads the people。
And in this way;
the people are neither overburdened nor oppressed。
The whole nation supports such a ruler。
He contends with no one; and no one contends with him。
67
Many consider my teaching to be nonsense。
But the profound is a lot like nonsense。
If a teaching does not seem nonsensical; then it must be trivial。
I have three treasures to guard and preserve:
The first is compassion。
The second is self杛estraint。
The third is not wanting to be ahead of others。
Compassion breeds fortitude。
Self杛estraint breeds generosity。
Not wanting to be ahead of others breeds leadership。
These days; people want courage without compassion;
generosity without self杛estraint; and
leadership without the willingness to be led。
This is death。
Compassion rules!
On the attack; it wins。
On the defense; it holds the fort。
It is Heaven's means of aid and protection。
68
The best soldier does not rush into battle。
The best fighter does not display his anger。
The best conqueror does not take vengeance on his enemy。
The best leader is the best follower。
This is known as the power 'Te' of not contending。
This is known as true leadership。
This is known as following Heaven's lead。
69
There is a saying among military strategists:
〃Instead of advancing; I'll be advanced upon;
it is better to retreat a foot than to advance an inch。〃
This is known as advancing without advancing;
getting ready without showing your muscles;
capturing without attacking;
being well朼rmed without weapons。
There is nothing worse than underestimating your enemy。
That leads to total defeat。
Therefore; when armies clash;
it is the side that does not rejoice in war杕aking that wins。
70
My teachings are very easy to understand
and even easier to put into practice。
And yet; no one understands or practices them。
My teachings are derived from an ancient system of principles。
People who do not realize this do not really know me。
Few know me; but that is my value。
Therefore; the Tao朚aster wears rough clothing;
but has a jewel for a heart。
71
To know that you do not know is strength。
Not knowing that you do not know is a sickness。
The cure begins with the recognition of the sickness。
The Tao朚aster is not sick; but he is sick of sickness。
Thus; he is well。
72
When the people do not fear your power;
then your power has become truly great。
Do not intrude into their homes。
Do not interfere with their work。
If you do not oppress them; then they will not become sick of you。
Thus; the Tao朚aster knows himself; but does not show himself。
He loves himself; but is not arrogant。
Therefore; he lets go of that and chooses this。
73
A man of daring courage will kill or be killed。
A man of cautious courage seeks to save lives。
Each of these may be either beneficial or harmful。
Heaven hates what it hates。
Who knows why?
Even the Tao朚aster can't figure it out。
The Tao does not contend; but it prevails。
It does not speak; but it answers。
It is not called; but it responds。
It has no purpose; but it achieves all of its aims。
Heaven's net is wide; nothing slips through。
74
If people do not fear death;
then you cannot threaten them with it。
If they are afraid of death;
we could make death the penalty for breaking the law。
But do we dare to do so?
Consider the role of the official executioner:
Are you ready to play that role?
When amateurs try to play the master carpenter;
they usually cut and bruise themselves in the process。
75
When taxes are too high; people starve。
When the government is too intrusive;
it makes life no longer worth living; and
the people lose their love of life and their fear of death。
To promote the value of life; do not interfere with it。
76
People are born soft and flexible;
when they are dead; they are hard and stiff。
Living plants are tender and pliant;
when they are dead; they are brittle and dried out。
Therefore; whatever is hard and stiff is a sign of death。
Whatever is soft and flexible is a sign of life。
An army without flexibility never wins。
An unbending tree is easily brought down by the wind。
The hard and stiff fall。
The soft and flexible rise。
77
The Tao is like the bending of a bow。
The top is bent downward; the bottom is bent up。
If the cord is too long; it is shortened;
if it is too short; it is lengthened。
The policy of the Tao is to take from those who have too much
and give to those who have too little。
But that is not the human practice。
We take from those who have too little
and give to those who have too much。
Who is it that has mo