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they constrain us; and a man must be very sure he is in the right; 

must (in a favourite phrase of his) be 'either very wise or very 

vain;' to break with any general consent in ethics。  I remember 

taking his advice upon some point of conduct。  'Now;' he said; 'how 

do you suppose Christ would have advised you?' and when I had 

answered that he would not have counselled me anything unkind or 

cowardly; 'No;' he said; with one of his shrewd strokes at the 

weakness of his hearer; 'nor anything amusing。'  Later in life; he 

made less certain in the field of ethics。  'The old story of the 

knowledge of good and evil is a very true one;' I find him writing; 

only (he goes on) 'the effect of the original dose is much worn 

out; leaving Adam's descendants with the knowledge that there is 

such a thing … but uncertain where。'  His growing sense of this 

ambiguity made him less swift to condemn; but no less stimulating 

in counsel。  'You grant yourself certain freedoms。  Very well;' he 

would say; 'I want to see you pay for them some other way。  You 

positively cannot do this:  then there positively must be something 

else that you can do; and I want to see you find that out and do 

it。'  Fleeming would never suffer you to think that you were 

living; if there were not; somewhere in your life; some touch of 

heroism; to do or to endure。



This was his rarest quality。  Far on in middle age; when men begin 

to lie down with the bestial goddesses; Comfort and Respectability; 

the strings of his nature still sounded as high a note as a young 

man's。  He loved the harsh voice of duty like a call to battle。  He 

loved courage; enterprise; brave natures; a brave word; an ugly 

virtue; everything that lifts us above the table where we eat or 

the bed we sleep upon。  This with no touch of the motive…monger or 

the ascetic。  He loved his virtues to be practical; his heroes to 

be great eaters of beef; he loved the jovial Heracles; loved the 

astute Odysseus; not the Robespierres and Wesleys。  A fine buoyant 

sense of life and of man's unequal character ran through all his 

thoughts。  He could not tolerate the spirit of the pick…thank; 

being what we are; he wished us to see others with a generous eye 

of admiration; not with the smallness of the seeker after faults。  

If there shone anywhere a virtue; no matter how incongruously set; 

it was upon the virtue we must fix our eyes。  I remember having 

found much entertainment in Voltaire's SAUL; and telling him what 

seemed to me the drollest touches。  He heard me out; as usual when 

displeased; and then opened fire on me with red…hot shot。  To 

belittle a noble story was easy; it was not literature; it was not 

art; it was not morality; there was no sustenance in such a form of 

jesting; there was (in his favourite phrase) 'no nitrogenous food' 

in such literature。  And then he proceeded to show what a fine 

fellow David was; and what a hard knot he was in about Bathsheba; 

so that (the initial wrong committed) honour might well hesitate in 

the choice of conduct; and what owls those people were who 

marvelled because an Eastern tyrant had killed Uriah; instead of 

marvelling that he had not killed the prophet also。  'Now if 

Voltaire had helped me to feel that;' said he; 'I could have seen 

some fun in it。'  He loved the comedy which shows a hero human; and 

yet leaves him a hero; and the laughter which does not lessen love。



It was this taste for what is fine in human…kind; that ruled his 

choice in books。  These should all strike a high note; whether 

brave or tender; and smack of the open air。  The noble and simple 

presentation of things noble and simple; that was the 'nitrogenous 

food' of which he spoke so much; which he sought so eagerly; 

enjoyed so royally。  He wrote to an author; the first part of whose 

story he had seen with sympathy; hoping that it might continue in 

the same vein。  'That this may be so;' he wrote; 'I long with the 

longing of David for the water of Bethlehem。  But no man need die 

for the water a poet can give; and all can drink it to the end of 

time; and their thirst be quenched and the pool never dry … and the 

thirst and the water are both blessed。'  It was in the Greeks 

particularly that he found this blessed water; he loved 'a fresh 

air' which he found 'about the Greek things even in translations'; 

he loved their freedom from the mawkish and the rancid。  The tale 

of David in the Bible; the ODYSSEY; Sophocles; AEschylus; 

Shakespeare; Scott; old Dumas in his chivalrous note; Dickens 

rather than Thackeray; and the TALE OF TWO CITIES out of Dickens:  

such were some of his preferences。  To Ariosto and Boccaccio he was 

always faithful; BURNT NJAL was a late favourite; and he found at 

least a passing entertainment in the ARCADIA and the GRAND CYRUS。  

George Eliot he outgrew; finding her latterly only sawdust in the 

mouth; but her influence; while it lasted; was great; and must have 

gone some way to form his mind。  He was easily set on edge; 

however; by didactic writing; and held that books should teach no 

other lesson but what 'real life would teach; were it as vividly 

presented。'  Again; it was the thing made that took him; the drama 

in the book; to the book itself; to any merit of the making; he was 

long strangely blind。  He would prefer the AGAMEMNON in the prose 

of Mr。 Buckley; ay; to Keats。  But he was his mother's son; 

learning to the last。  He told me one day that literature was not a 

trade; that it was no craft; that the professed author was merely 

an amateur with a door…plate。  'Very well;' said I; 'the first time 

you get a proof; I will demonstrate that it is as much a trade as 

bricklaying; and that you do not know it。'  By the very next post; 

a proof came。  I opened it with fear; for he was indeed; as the 

reader will see by these volumes; a formidable amateur; always 

wrote brightly; because he always thought trenchantly; and 

sometimes wrote brilliantly; as the worst of whistlers may 

sometimes stumble on a perfect intonation。  But it was all for the 

best in the interests of his education; and I was able; over that 

proof; to give him a quarter of an hour such as Fleeming loved both 

to give and to receive。  His subsequent training passed out of my 

hands into those of our common friend; W。 E。 Henley。  'Henley and 

I;' he wrote; 'have fairly good times wigging one another for not 

doing better。  I wig him because he won't try to write a real play; 

and he wigs me because I can't try to write English。'  When I next 

saw him; he was full of his new acquisitions。  'And yet I have lost 

something too;' he said regretfully。  'Up to now Scott seemed to me 

quite perfect; he was all I wanted。  Since I have been learning 

this confounded thing; I took up one of the novels; and a great 

deal of it is both careless and clumsy。'





V。





He spoke four languages with freedom; not even English with any 

marked propriety。  What he uttered was not so much well said; as 

excellently acted:  so we may hear every day the inexpressive 

language of a poorly…written drama assume character and colour in 

the hands of a good player。  No man had more of the VIS COMICA in 

private life; he played no character on the stage; as he could play 

himself among his friends。  It was one of his special charms; now 

when the voice is silent and the face still; it makes it impossible 

to do justice to his power in conversation。  He was a delightful 

companion to such as can bear bracing weather; not to the very 

vain; not to the owlishly wise; who cannot have their dogmas 

canvassed; not to the painfully refined; whose sentiments become 

articles of faith。  The spirit in which he could write that he was 

'much revived by having an opportunity of abusing Whistler to a 

knot of his special admirers;' is a spirit apt to be misconstrued。  

He was not a dogmatist; even about Whistler。  'The house is full of 

pretty things;' he wrote; when on a visit; 'but Mrs。 …'s taste in 

pretty things has one very bad fault:  it is not my taste。'  And 

that was the true attitude of his mind; but these eternal 

differences it was his joy to thresh out and wrangle over by the 

hour。  It was no wonder if he loved the Greeks; he was in many ways 

a Greek himself; he should have been a sophist and met Socrates; he 

would have loved Socrates; and done battle with him staunchly and 

manfully owned his defeat; and the dialogue; arranged by Plato; 

would have shown even in Plato's gallery。  He seemed in talk 

aggressive; petulant; full of a singular energy; as vain you would 

have said as a peacock; until you trod on his toes; and then you 

saw that he was at least clear of all the sicklier elements of 

vanity。  Soundly rang his laugh at any jest against himself。  He 

wished to be taken; as he took others; for what was good in him 

without dissimulation of the evil; for what was wise in h

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