2006年考研英语最新题型应试指导-第8节
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d。 In New York Harbor； water would almost cover the Statue of Liberty’s head。 But the ice in Antarctica does not melt。 The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places。 Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth。 The temperature there has been known to drop to more than 100 degrees below zero。
［B］If you flew in an airplane over the continent of Antarctica； you would look down on a great sheet of snow and ice。 The snow and ice slopes gently from a central plateau around the South Pole toward the sea。 Along the coasts of Antarctica； sharp mountains rise up from the snow。 Huge masses of ice called glaciers slide between the mountain ridges toward the sea。 At the sea’s edge； tremendous icebergs break off the glacier and float away。 They are often enormous in size。
［C］A number of birds live in Antarctica； and fly over the water and ice。 The Arctic tern has been called the longdistance champion of the world。 Each year it migrates between the northernmost islands of the Arctic （the region around the North Pole） and the shores of Antarctica —— a distance of about 11；000 miles。
［D］ Antarctica does not have much plant life。 Only a few simple plants； such as mosses； lichens； and algae； can grow there。 The climate is so harsh； and food so scarce； that people cannot settle in Antarctica。 But along the coasts of the continent there are many birds； fish； and animals。
［E］Beneath the snow and ice of Antarctica lies land。 Snow piles deeper and deeper on top of the land and hardens into ice。 In some places； it is three miles deep。 Most of the land beneath the snow is a great land mass。 A chain of smaller islands is nearby。 The islands and the land mass are joined into one continent by a thick blanket of ice。
［F］Most of the world’s whaling takes place in Antarctic waters。 The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived。 It may weigh as much as 150 tons and be 95 feet long。 Smaller whales include the bottlenose； the humpback； the sperm； and the finback。
［G］Thousands of whales and millions of seals swim in Antarctic seas。 Six kinds of seals are found。 The fur seal； the smallest； has long been hunted for its silky fur。 The toughskinned elephant seal is the largest。 It can weigh as much as four tons。
答案及解析
1。E。选此段时，应根据上下文来理解，在文章第一段曾经出现过“the snow and ice”这个词，当然这是一个很好的启发。第一段中说的是这些雪和冰从南极点向海里运动的过程，那么进入第二段时，我们很自然就会想，当这些雪和冰移到海里之后，它们下面是什么，第二段提到了这些（beneath the snow 。。。），正好与第一段相呼应。
2。A。上一段描述了南极洲是由大量的雪和冰构成的陆地，并且那些冰终年不化，因此温度也是非常之低了。
3。D。填选此段时，也应结合上文来看，前一段讲述南极洲“has ninetenths of all the world’s ice”。与此相对应地说明南极洲“does not have much plant life。” 二者形成对比。在介绍完南极洲的地理风貌后开始介绍这片土地上的动植物。
4。G。承接上一段“there are many birds； fish and animals”本段开始对生活在南极洲的动物进行详细描述。
5。F。填写这段时，应该看到它的前一段，说有成千上万的鲸以及几百万之多的海豹在南极游嬉。而接下来的文字，却仅仅只是描述了海豹的种类及特征，那么很明显，剩下的文字，就应该比较具体地来描述鲸了。
中心思想
本文主要介绍了南极洲的自然风光，通过描述巨大的冰川、寒冷的天气以及稀有的动植物，向我们较为全面地展示了南极洲的与众不同。
译文
若你身处一架在南极上空的飞机之中，向下俯视就会看到漫无边际的冰雪。冰雪从以南极点为中心的大平原上向四周蔓延至海。沿着南极大陆的海岸线，一座座峻峭的山峰矗立在冰雪之中。冰川便从山脊之间滑向大海。海岸附近，巨大的冰山将冰川撞碎后漂浮而去，其体积大令人咋舌。
冰雪之下便是南极大陆，雪在这块大陆上愈积愈厚，最终化成坚冰。在有的地方，可达三英里深，坚冰所覆盖的陆地一望无际，陆地周围点缀着一串串岛屿；而厚厚的冰层将这块大陆与周围的岛屿连成一体。
地球上的冰雪约有九成集中于此块大陆。倘若这些冰雪消融为水，海平面就会上升大约250英尺。如此一来，许多位于沿海的城市将被淹没；以纽约为例，纽约港的自由女神像也将被淹没。不过，南极的冰川不会消融。因为，这里的气温常年都低于冰点；这里也是地球上最寒冷的地方，有时气温会低至零下一百多度。
除了能生存在这种环境中的少数植物之外，如苔藓、地衣、藻类，南极大陆上再无其他植物。这里的气候恶劣、食物匮乏，人类根本无法在此生存。但在南极大陆海岸附近仍有不少海鸟、鱼类和动物。
成千上万的鲸鱼和数以百万的海豹在南极的海域里遨游。至今，已发现六种海豹。最小的皮毛海豹，它有着丝般光滑的毛皮，因而也常常被猎杀；最大的是毛皮粗糙的象豹，成年象豹可重达四吨。
世界上很多种鲸鱼大都可在南极水域里发现其踪影，如已知最大的动物蓝鲸，成年蓝鲸重达150吨，长约90英尺。小一点的鲸鱼包括槌鲸、座头鲸、抹香鲸、长须鲸。
有很多鸟类也生活在南极，它们飞翔于水面和冰面之上。其中，南极燕鸥堪称长距飞行之冠，每年它都从北极的岛屿上，飞越11000英里后抵达南极海岸。
第二部分阅读理解B型题第三节选考题型之三信息匹配题
这一题型主要考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点、论据一致性的能力。要求考生根据文章的内容，理解各个论点/观点的重点和含义，从多个选项中找到能支持相应论点的论据。
一、解题技巧
①收缩寻找范围：首先看清楚第一组例句问题和最后一道问题，之后找到两者所提问的内容在文中的位置，然后你会发现通常整组问题的答案都在此之间。
②注意文字或句子的形式变化，要特别注意：同义、相同的词或词组和反义、有很大差异的词或词组。
③留意数字：数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的方法就能找到答案。注意，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。
二、解题方法
①仔细阅读六个试题选项，正确理解每个选项的意思。对于谈论相似主体的选项，需区别内容的相同处和不同处，并牢记体现不同处的关键词。
②快速浏览短文，依靠标题迅速抓住每篇短文的主题。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在词语或句子下面划线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。
③第二次阅读短文时必须有针对性，主要为了解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与单句是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。
④为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将选项与从短文中已选择的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。
三、注意事项
实际操作过程中，考生需注意以下几个问题：
①在做题过程中要把握好时间，防止前松后紧。
②阅读时要始终目的明确，凡是与问题部分无关的内容可以暂时略去不看，以免耗费宝贵的时间和精力。
③在快速浏览短文时，要特别注意所给的标题与黑体字。
Sample Three
Directions：
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing；followed by a list of examples。 Choose the best example from the list A…F for each numbered subheading（1—5）。There is one extra example which you do not need to use 。Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。（10points）
一
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you interview 。 There are two kinds 。One is the familiar “tombstone” that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order 。The other is what I call the “functional” resume—descriptive； fun to read ；unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview 。
It’s handy to have a “tombstone” for certain occasions 。But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested “tombstone” lists ；preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead 。
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you e alive and look interesting to employers 。
（1）Put yourself first：
In order to write a resume other will read with enthusiasm ；you have to feel important about yourself。
（2）Sell what you can do；not who you are ：
Practice translating your personality traits ；character ；acplishments and achievements into skill areas。 There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work 。
Toot your own horn！
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities ；some think they have none at all ！But everyone does ；and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch—if only you show it 。
（3）Be specific；be concrete ；and be brief！
Remember that “brevity is the best policy。”
（4）Turn bad news into good ：
Everybody has had disappointments in work。 If you have to mention yours ；look for the positive side。
（5）Never apologize ：
If you’re returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent ；simply write a short paragraph （summary of background ） in place of a chronology of experience 。Don’t apologize for working at being a mother； it’s the hardest job of all 。If you have no special training or higher education ；just don’t mention education。
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself 。Take four or five hours off； not necessarily consecutive ；and simply write down every acplishment in your life ；on or off the job ；that made you feel effective。 Don’t worry at first about what it all means 。Study the list and try to spot patterns。 As you study your list ；you will e closer to the meaning ：identifying your marketable skills 。Once you discover patterns ；give names to your cluster of acplishments ；（leadership skills ；budget management skills ；child
