medical essays-第76节
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
ing added to his natural gifts。
It is not necessary to maintain the direct practical utility of all kinds of learning。 Our shelves contain many books which only a certain class of medical scholars will be likely to consult。 There is a dead medical literature； and there is a live one。 The dead is not all ancient； the live is not all modern。 There is none； modern or ancient； which； if it has no living value for the student； will not teach him something by its autopsy。 But it is with the live literature of his profession that the medical practitioner is first of all concerned。
Now there has come a great change in our time over the form in which living thought presents itself。 The first printed books；the incunabula；were inclosed in boards of solid oak； with brazen clasps and corners； the boards by and by were replaced by pasteboard covered with calf or sheepskin； then cloth came in and took the place of leather； then the pasteboard was covered with paper instead of cloth； and at this day the quarterly； the monthly； the weekly periodical in its flimsy unsupported dress of paper； and the daily journal； naked as it came from the womb of the press； hold the larger part of the fresh reading we live upon。 We must have the latest thought in its latest expression； the page must be newly turned like the morning bannock； the pamphlet must be newly opened like the ante…prandial oyster。
Thus a library； to meet the need of our time； must take； and must spread out in a convenient form； a great array of periodicals。 Our active practitioners read these by preference over almost everything else。 Our specialists； more particularly； depend on the month's product； on the yearly crop of new facts； new suggestions； new contrivances； as much as the farmer on the annual yield of his acres。 One of the first wants； then； of the profession is supplied by our library in its great array of periodicals from many lands； in many languages。 Such a number of medical periodicals no private library would have room for； no private person would pay for； or flood his tables with if they were sent him for nothing。 These； I think； with the reports of medical societies and the papers contributed to them； will form the most attractive part of our accumulated medical treasures。 They will be also one of our chief expenses； for these journals must be bound in volumes and they require a great amount of shelf…room； all this； in addition to the cost of subscription for those which are not furnished us gratuitously。
It is true that the value of old scientific periodicals is； other things being equal； in the inverse ratio of their age； for the obvious reason that what is most valuable in the earlier volumes of a series is drained off into the standard works with which the intelligent practitioner is supposed to be familiar。 But no extended record of facts grows too old to be useful； provided only that we have a ready and sure way of getting at the particular fact or facts we are in search of。
And this leads me to speak of what I conceive to be one of the principal tasks to be performed by the present and the coming generation of scholars； not only in the medical； but in every department of knowledge。 I mean the formation of indexes； and more especially of indexes to periodical literature。
This idea has long been working in the minds of scholars； and all who have had occasion to follow out any special subject。 I have a right to speak of it； for I long ago attempted to supply the want of indexes in some small measure for my own need。 I had a very complete set of the 〃American Journal of the Medical Sciences；〃 an entire set of the 〃North American Review；〃 and many volumes of the reprints of the three leading British quarterlies。 Of what use were they to me without general indexes？ I looked them all through carefully and made classified lists of all the articles I thought I should most care to read。 But they soon outgrew my lists。 The 〃North American Review 〃 kept filling up shelf after shelf； rich in articles which I often wanted to consult； but what a labor to find them； until the index of Mr。 Gushing； published a few months since； made the contents of these hundred and twenty volumes as easily accessible as the words in a dictionary！ I had a； copy of good Dr。 Abraham Rees's Cyclopaedia； a treasure…house to my boyhood which has not lost its value for me in later years。 But where to look for what I wanted？ I wished to know； for instance； what Dr。 Burney had to say about singing。 Who would have looked for it under the Italian word cantare？ I was curious to learn something of the etchings of Rembrandt； and where should I find it but under the head 〃Low Countries； Engravers of the；〃an elaborate and most valuable article of a hundred double…columned close…printed quarto pages； to which no reference； even； is made under the title Rembrandt。
There was nothing to be done； if I wanted to know where that which I specially cared for was to be found in my Rees's Cyclopaedia； but to look over every page of its forty…one quarto volumes and make out a brief list of matters of interest which I could not find by their titles； and this I did； at no small expense of time and trouble。
Nothing； therefore； could be more pleasing to me than to see the attention which has been given of late years to the great work of indexing。 It is a quarter of a century since Mr。 Poole published his 〃Index to Periodical Literature；〃 which it is much to be hoped is soon to appear in a new edition； grown as it must be to formidable dimensions by the additions of so long a period。 The 〃British and Foreign Medical Review；〃 edited by the late Sir John Forties； contributed to by Huxley； Carpenter； Laycock； and others of the most distinguished scientific men of Great Britain； has an index to its twenty…four volumes； and by its aid I find this valuable series as manageable as a lexicon。 The last edition of the 〃Encyclopaedia Britannica〃 had a complete index in a separate volume； and the publishers of Appletons' 〃American Cyclopaedia〃 have recently issued an index to their useful work； which must greatly add to its value。 I have already referred to the index to the 〃North American Review；〃 which to an American； and especially to a New Englander； is the most interesting and most valuable addition of its kind to our literary apparatus since the publication of Mr。 Allibone's 〃Dictionary of Authors。〃 I might almost dare to parody Mr。 Webster's words in speaking of Hamilton； to describe what Mr。 Gushing did for the solemn rows of back volumes of our honored old Review which had been long fossilizing on our shelves： 〃He touched the dead corpse of the 'North American；'〃 and it sprang to its feet。〃 A library of the best thought of the best American scholars during the greater portion of the century was brought to light by the work of the indexmaker as truly as were the Assyrian tablets by the labors of Layard。
A great portion of the best writing and reading literary； scientific； professional； miscellaneouscomes to us now； at stated intervals； in paper covers。 The writer appears； as it were； in his shirt…sleeves。 As soon as he has delivered his message the book…binder puts a coat on his back； and he joins the forlorn brotherhood of 〃back volumes；〃 than which； so long as they are unindexed； nothing can be more exasperating。 Who wants a lock without a key； a ship without a rudder； a binnacle without a compass； a check without a signature； a greenback without a goldback behind it？
I have referred chiefly to the medical journals； but I would include with these the reports of medical associations； and those separate publications which； coming in the form of pamphlets； heap themselves into chaotic piles and bundles which are worse than useless； taking up a great deal of room； and frightening everything away but mice and mousing antiquarians； or possibly at long intervals some terebrating specialist。
Arranged； bound； indexed； all these at once become accessible and valuable。 I will take the first instance which happens to suggest itself。 How many who know all about osteoblasts and the experiments of Ollier； and all that has grown out of them； know where to go for a paper by the late Dr。 A。 L。 Peirson of Salem； published in the year 1840； under the modest title； Remarks on Fractures？ And if any practitioner who has to deal with broken bones does not know that most excellent and practical essay； it is a great pity； for it answers very numerous questions which will be sure to suggest themselves to the surgeon and the patient as no one of the recent treatises； on my own shelves； at least； can do。
But if indexing is the special need of our time in medical literature； as in every department of knowledge； it must be remembered that it is not only an immense labor； but one that never ends。 It requires； therefore； the cooperation of a large number of individuals to do the work； and a large amount of money to pay for making its results public through the press。 When it is remembered that the catalogue of the library of the British Museum is contained in nearly three thousand large folios of manuscript； and not all its books are yet included； the task of indexing any considerable branch of scienc
