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radition。  Runes are the Scandinavian Alphabet; suppose Odin to have been the inventor of Letters; as well as 〃magic;〃 among that people!  It is the greatest invention man has ever made!  this of marking down the unseen thought that is in him by written characters。  It is a kind of second speech; almost as miraculous as the first。  You remember the astonishment and incredulity of Atahualpa the Peruvian King; how he made the Spanish Soldier who was guarding him scratch _Dios_ on his thumb…nail; that he might try the next soldier with it; to ascertain whether such a miracle was possible。  If Odin brought Letters among his people; he might work magic enough!

Writing by Runes has some air of being original among the Norsemen:  not a Phoenician Alphabet; but a native Scandinavian one。  Snorro tells us farther that Odin invented Poetry; the music of human speech; as well as that miraculous runic marking of it。  Transport yourselves into the early childhood of nations; the first beautiful morning…light of our Europe; when all yet lay in fresh young radiance as of a great sunrise; and our Europe was first beginning to think; to be!  Wonder; hope; infinite radiance of hope and wonder; as of a young child's thoughts; in the hearts of these strong men!  Strong sons of Nature; and here was not only a wild Captain and Fighter; discerning with his wild flashing eyes what to do; with his wild lion…heart daring and doing it; but a Poet too; all that we mean by a Poet; Prophet; great devout Thinker and Inventor;as the truly Great Man ever is。  A Hero is a Hero at all points; in the soul and thought of him first of all。  This Odin; in his rude semi…articulate way; had a word to speak。  A great heart laid open to take in this great Universe; and man's Life here; and utter a great word about it。  A Hero; as I say; in his own rude manner; a wise; gifted; noble…hearted man。  And now; if we still admire such a man beyond all others; what must these wild Norse souls; first awakened into thinking; have made of him!  To them; as yet without names for it; he was noble and noblest; Hero; Prophet; God; _Wuotan_; the greatest of all。  Thought is Thought; however it speak or spell itself。 Intrinsically; I conjecture; this Odin must have been of the same sort of stuff as the greatest kind of men。  A great thought in the wild deep heart of him!  The rough words he articulated; are they not the rudimental roots of those English words we still use?  He worked so; in that obscure element。  But he was as a _light_ kindled in it; a light of Intellect; rude Nobleness of heart; the only kind of lights we have yet; a Hero; as I say: and he had to shine there; and make his obscure element a little lighter;as is still the task of us all。

We will fancy him to be the Type Norseman; the finest Teuton whom that race had yet produced。  The rude Norse heart burst up into _boundless_ admiration round him; into adoration。  He is as a root of so many great things; the fruit of him is found growing from deep thousands of years; over the whole field of Teutonic Life。  Our own Wednesday; as I said; is it not still Odin's Day?  Wednesbury; Wansborough; Wanstead; Wandsworth:  Odin grew into England too; these are still leaves from that root!  He was the Chief God to all the Teutonic Peoples; their Pattern Norseman;in such way did _they_ admire their Pattern Norseman; that was the fortune he had in the world。

Thus if the man Odin himself have vanished utterly; there is this huge Shadow of him which still projects itself over the whole History of his People。  For this Odin once admitted to be God; we can understand well that the whole Scandinavian Scheme of Nature; or dim No…scheme; whatever it might before have been; would now begin to develop itself altogether differently; and grow thenceforth in a new manner。  What this Odin saw into; and taught with his runes and his rhymes; the whole Teutonic People laid to heart and carried forward。  His way of thought became their way of thought:such; under new conditions; is the history of every great thinker still。  In gigantic confused lineaments; like some enormous camera…obscure shadow thrown upwards from the dead deeps of the Past; and covering the whole Northern Heaven; is not that Scandinavian Mythology in some sort the Portraiture of this man Odin?  The gigantic image of _his_ natural face; legible or not legible there; expanded and confused in that manner!  Ah; Thought; I say; is always Thought。  No great man lives in vain。  The History of the world is but the Biography of great men。

To me there is something very touching in this primeval figure of Heroism; in such artless; helpless; but hearty entire reception of a Hero by his fellow…men。  Never so helpless in shape; it is the noblest of feelings; and a feeling in some shape or other perennial as man himself。  If I could show in any measure; what I feel deeply for a long time now; That it is the vital element of manhood; the soul of man's history here in our world;it would be the chief use of this discoursing at present。  We do not now call our great men Gods; nor admire _without_ limit; ah no; _with_ limit enough! But if we have no great men; or do not admire at all;that were a still worse case。

This poor Scandinavian Hero…worship; that whole Norse way of looking at the Universe; and adjusting oneself there; has an indestructible merit for us。 A rude childlike way of recognizing the divineness of Nature; the divineness of Man; most rude; yet heartfelt; robust; giantlike; betokening what a giant of a man this child would yet grow to!It was a truth; and is none。  Is it not as the half…dumb stifled voice of the long…buried generations of our own Fathers; calling out of the depths of ages to us; in whose veins their blood still runs:  〃This then; this is what we made of the world:  this is all the image and notion we could form to ourselves of this great mystery of a Life and Universe。  Despise it not。  You are raised high above it; to large free scope of vision; but you too are not yet at the top。  No; your notion too; so much enlarged; is but a partial; imperfect one; that matter is a thing no man will ever; in time or out of time; comprehend; after thousands of years of ever…new expansion; man will find himself but struggling to comprehend again a part of it:  the thing is larger shall man; not to be comprehended by him; an Infinite thing!〃


The essence of the Scandinavian; as indeed of all Pagan Mythologies; we found to be recognition of the divineness of Nature; sincere communion of man with the mysterious invisible Powers visibly seen at work in the world round him。  This; I should say; is more sincerely done in the Scandinavian than in any Mythology I know。  Sincerity is the great characteristic of it。 Superior sincerity (far superior) consoles us for the total want of old Grecian grace。  Sincerity; I think; is better than grace。  I feel that these old Northmen wore looking into Nature with open eye and soul:  most earnest; honest; childlike; and yet manlike; with a great…hearted simplicity and depth and freshness; in a true; loving; admiring; unfearing way。  A right valiant; true old race of men。  Such recognition of Nature one finds to be the chief element of Paganism; recognition of Man; and his Moral Duty; though this too is not wanting; comes to be the chief element only in purer forms of religion。  Here; indeed; is a great distinction and epoch in Human Beliefs; a great landmark in the religious development of Mankind。  Man first puts himself in relation with Nature and her Powers; wonders and worships over those; not till a later epoch does he discern that all Power is Moral; that the grand point is the distinction for him of Good and Evil; of _Thou shalt_ and _Thou shalt not_。

With regard to all these fabulous delineations in the _Edda_; I will remark; moreover; as indeed was already hinted; that most probably they must have been of much newer date; most probably; even from the first; were comparatively idle for the old Norsemen; and as it were a kind of Poetic sport。  Allegory and Poetic Delineation; as I said above; cannot be religious Faith; the Faith itself must first be there; then Allegory enough will gather round it; as the fit body round its soul。  The Norse Faith; I can well suppose; like other Faiths; was most active while it lay mainly in the silent state; and had not yet much to say about itself; still less to sing。

Among those shadowy _Edda_ matters; amid all that fantastic congeries of assertions; and traditions; in their musical Mythologies; the main practical belief a man could have was probably not much more than this:  of the _Valkyrs_ and the _Hall of Odin_; of an inflexible _Destiny_; and that the one thing needful for a man was _to be brave_。  The _Valkyrs_ are Choosers of the Slain:  a Destiny inexorable; which it is useless trying to bend or soften; has appointed who is to be slain; this was a fundamental point for the Norse believer;as indeed it is for all earnest men everywhere; for a Mahomet; a Luther; for a Napoleon too。  It lies at the basis this for every such man; it is the woof out of which his whole system of thought is woven。  The _Valkyrs_; and then that these _Choosers_ lead the brave to a heavenly _Hall of Odin_; only the b

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