heroes and hero worship-第43节
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me。 Madame de Stael has something of it; St。 Pierre; and down onwards to the present astonishing convulsionary 〃Literature of Desperation;〃 it is everywhere abundant。 That same _rose…pink_ is not the right hue。 Look at a Shakspeare; at a Goethe; even at a Walter Scott! He who has once seen into this; has seen the difference of the True from the Sham…True; and will discriminate them ever afterwards。
We had to observe in Johnson how much good a Prophet; under all disadvantages and disorganizations; can accomplish for the world。 In Rousseau we are called to look rather at the fearful amount of evil which; under such disorganization; may accompany the good。 Historically it is a most pregnant spectacle; that of Rousseau。 Banished into Paris garrets; in the gloomy company of his own Thoughts and Necessities there; driven from post to pillar; fretted; exasperated till the heart of him went mad; he had grown to feel deeply that the world was not his friend nor the world's law。 It was expedient; if any way possible; that such a man should _not_ have been set in flat hostility with the world。 He could be cooped into garrets; laughed at as a maniac; left to starve like a wild beast in his cage;but he could not be hindered from setting the world on fire。 The French Revolution found its Evangelist in Rousseau。 His semi…delirious speculations on the miseries of civilized life; the preferability of the savage to the civilized; and such like; helped well to produce a whole delirium in France generally。 True; you may well ask; What could the world; the governors of the world; do with such a man? Difficult to say what the governors of the world could do with him! What he could do with them is unhappily clear enough;_guillotine_ a great many of them! Enough now of Rousseau。
It was a curious phenomenon; in the withered; unbelieving second…hand Eighteenth Century; that of a Hero starting up; among the artificial pasteboard figures and productions; in the guise of a Robert Burns。 Like a little well in the rocky desert places;like a sudden splendor of Heaven in the artificial Vauxhall! People knew not what to make of it。 They took it for a piece of the Vauxhall fire…work; alas; it _let_ itself be so taken; though struggling half…blindly; as in bitterness of death; against that! Perhaps no man had such a false reception from his fellow…men。 Once more a very wasteful life…drama was enacted under the sun。
The tragedy of Burns's life is known to all of you。 Surely we may say; if discrepancy between place held and place merited constitute perverseness of lot for a man; no lot could be more perverse then Burns's。 Among those second…hand acting…figures; _mimes_ for most part; of the Eighteenth Century; once more a giant Original Man; one of those men who reach down to the perennial Deeps; who take rank with the Heroic among men: and he was born in a poor Ayrshire hut。 The largest soul of all the British lands came among us in the shape of a hard…handed Scottish Peasant。
His Father; a poor toiling man; tried various things; did not succeed in any; was involved in continual difficulties。 The Steward; Factor as the Scotch call him; used to send letters and threatenings; Burns says; 〃which threw us all into tears。〃 The brave; hard…toiling; hard…suffering Father; his brave heroine of a wife; and those children; of whom Robert was one! In this Earth; so wide otherwise; no shelter for _them_。 The letters 〃threw us all into tears:〃 figure it。 The brave Father; I say always;a _silent_ Hero and Poet; without whom the son had never been a speaking one! Burns's Schoolmaster came afterwards to London; learnt what good society was; but declares that in no meeting of men did he ever enjoy better discourse than at the hearth of this peasant。 And his poor 〃seven acres of nursery…ground;〃not that; nor the miserable patch of clay…farm; nor anything he tried to get a living by; would prosper with him; he had a sore unequal battle all his days。 But he stood to it valiantly; a wise; faithful; unconquerable man;swallowing down how many sore sufferings daily into silence; fighting like an unseen Hero;nobody publishing newspaper paragraphs about his nobleness; voting pieces of plate to him! However; he was not lost; nothing is lost。 Robert is there the outcome of him;and indeed of many generations of such as him。
This Burns appeared under every disadvantage: uninstructed; poor; born only to hard manual toil; and writing; when it came to that; in a rustic special dialect; known only to a small province of the country he lived in。 Had he written; even what he did write; in the general language of England; I doubt not he had already become universally recognized as being; or capable to be; one of our greatest men。 That he should have tempted so many to penetrate through the rough husk of that dialect of his; is proof that there lay something far from common within it。 He has gained a certain recognition; and is continuing to do so over all quarters of our wide Saxon world: wheresoever a Saxon dialect is spoken; it begins to be understood; by personal inspection of this and the other; that one of the most considerable Saxon men of the Eighteenth Century was an Ayrshire Peasant named Robert Burns。 Yes; I will say; here too was a piece of the right Saxon stuff: strong as the Harz…rock; rooted in the depths of the world;rock; yet with wells of living softness in it! A wild impetuous whirlwind of passion and faculty slumbered quiet there; such heavenly _melody_ dwelling in the heart of it。 A noble rough genuineness; homely; rustic; honest; true simplicity of strength; with its lightning…fire; with its soft dewy pity;like the old Norse Thor; the Peasant…god!
Burns's Brother Gilbert; a man of much sense and worth; has told me that Robert; in his young days; in spite of their hardship; was usually the gayest of speech; a fellow of infinite frolic; laughter; sense and heart; far pleasanter to hear there; stript cutting peats in the bog; or such like; than he ever afterwards knew him。 I can well believe it。 This basis of mirth (〃_fond gaillard_;〃 as old Marquis Mirabeau calls it); a primal element of sunshine and joyfulness; coupled with his other deep and earnest qualities; is one of the most attractive characteristics of Burns。 A large fund of Hope dwells in him; spite of his tragical history; he is not a mourning man。 He shakes his sorrows gallantly aside; bounds forth victorious over them。 It is as the lion shaking 〃dew…drops from his mane;〃 as the swift…bounding horse; that _laughs_ at the shaking of the spear。But indeed; Hope; Mirth; of the sort like Burns's; are they not the outcome properly of warm generous affection;such as is the beginning of all to every man?
You would think it strange if I called Burns the most gifted British soul we had in all that century of his: and yet I believe the day is coming when there will be little danger in saying so。 His writings; all that he _did_ under such obstructions; are only a poor fragment of him。 Professor Stewart remarked very justly; what indeed is true of all Poets good for much; that his poetry was not any particular faculty; but the general result of a naturally vigorous original mind expressing itself in that way。 Burns's gifts; expressed in conversation; are the theme of all that ever heard him。 All kinds of gifts: from the gracefulest utterances of courtesy; to the highest fire of passionate speech; loud floods of mirth; soft wailings of affection; laconic emphasis; clear piercing insight; all was in him。 Witty duchesses celebrate him as a man whose speech 〃led them off their feet。〃 This is beautiful: but still more beautiful that which Mr。 Lockhart has recorded; which I have more than once alluded to; How the waiters and ostlers at inns would get out of bed; and come crowding to hear this man speak! Waiters and ostlers:they too were men; and here was a man! I have heard much about his speech; but one of the best things I ever heard of it was; last year; from a venerable gentleman long familiar with him。 That it was speech distinguished by always _having something in it_。 〃He spoke rather little than much;〃 this old man told me; 〃sat rather silent in those early days; as in the company of persons above him; and always when he did speak; it was to throw new light on the matter。〃 I know not why any one should ever speak otherwise!But if we look at his general force of soul; his healthy _robustness_ every way; the rugged downrightness; penetration; generous valor and manfulness that was in him;where shall we readily find a better…gifted man?
Among the great men of the Eighteenth Century; I sometimes feel as if Burns might be found to resemble Mirabeau more than any other。 They differ widely in vesture; yet look at them intrinsically。 There is the same burly thick…necked strength of body as of soul;built; in both cases; on what the old Marquis calls a _fond gaillard_。 By nature; by course of breeding; indeed by nation; Mirabeau has much more of bluster; a noisy; forward; unresting man。 But the characteristic of Mirabeau too is veracity and sense; power of true _insight_; superiority of vision。 The thing that he says is worth remembering。 It is a flash of insight in