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come; under what obstructions and perversions soever。  They are _sincere_ words; those of his; he means things by them。  A wondrous buckram style;the best he could get to then; a measured grandiloquence; stepping or rather stalking along in a very solemn way; grown obsolete now; sometimes a tumid _size_ of phraseology not in proportion to the contents of it:  all this you will put up with。  For the phraseology; tumid or not; has always _something within it_。  So many beautiful styles and books; with _nothing_ in them;a man is a malefactor to the world who writes such! _They_ are the avoidable kind!Had Johnson left nothing but his _Dictionary_; one might have traced there a great intellect; a genuine man。 Looking to its clearness of definition; its general solidity; honesty; insight and successful method; it may be called the best of all Dictionaries。  There is in it a kind of architectural nobleness; it stands there like a great solid square…built edifice; finished; symmetrically complete:  you judge that a true Builder did it。

One word; in spite of our haste; must be granted to poor Bozzy。  He passes for a mean; inflated; gluttonous creature; and was so in many senses。  Yet the fact of his reverence for Johnson will ever remain noteworthy。  The foolish conceited Scotch Laird; the most conceited man of his time; approaching in such awe…struck attitude the great dusty irascible Pedagogue in his mean garret there:  it is a genuine reverence for Excellence; a _worship_ for Heroes; at a time when neither Heroes nor worship were surmised to exist。  Heroes; it would seem; exist always; and a certain worship of them!  We will also take the liberty to deny altogether that of the witty Frenchman; that no man is a Hero to his valet…de…chambre。  Or if so; it is not the Hero's blame; but the Valet's:  that his soul; namely; is a mean _valet_…soul!  He expects his Hero to advance in royal stage…trappings; with measured step; trains borne behind him; trumpets sounding before him。  It should stand rather; No man can be a _Grand… Monarque_ to his valet…de…chambre。  Strip your Louis Quatorze of his king…gear; and there _is_ left nothing but a poor forked radish with a head fantastically carved;admirable to no valet。  The Valet does not know a Hero when he sees him!  Alas; no:  it requires a kind of _Hero_ to do that;and one of the world's wants; in _this_ as in other senses; is for most part want of such。

On the whole; shall we not say; that Boswell's admiration was well bestowed; that he could have found no soul in all England so worthy of bending down before?  Shall we not say; of this great mournful Johnson too; that he guided his difficult confused existence wisely; led it _well_; like a right valiant man?  That waste chaos of Authorship by trade; that waste chaos of Scepticism in religion and politics; in life…theory and life…practice; in his poverty; in his dust and dimness; with the sick body and the rusty coat:  he made it do for him; like a brave man。  Not wholly without a loadstar in the Eternal; he had still a loadstar; as the brave all need to have:  with his eye set on that; he would change his course for nothing in these confused vortices of the lower sea of Time。  〃To the Spirit of Lies; bearing death and hunger; he would in nowise strike his flag。〃  Brave old Samuel:  _ultimus Romanorum_!


Of Rousseau and his Heroism I cannot say so much。  He is not what I call a strong man。  A morbid; excitable; spasmodic man; at best; intense rather than strong。  He had not 〃the talent of Silence;〃 an invaluable talent; which few Frenchmen; or indeed men of any sort in these times; excel in! The suffering man ought really 〃to consume his own smoke;〃 there is no good in emitting _smoke_ till you have made it into _fire_;which; in the metaphorical sense too; all smoke is capable of becoming!  Rousseau has not depth or width; not calm force for difficulty; the first characteristic of true greatness。  A fundamental mistake to call vehemence and rigidity strength!  A man is not strong who takes convulsion…fits; though six men cannot hold him then。  He that can walk under the heaviest weight without staggering; he is the strong man。  We need forever; especially in these loud…shrieking days; to remind ourselves of that。  A man who cannot _hold his peace_; till the time come for speaking and acting; is no right man。

Poor Rousseau's face is to me expressive of him。  A high but narrow contracted intensity in it:  bony brows; deep; strait…set eyes; in which there is something bewildered…looking;bewildered; peering with lynx…eagerness。  A face full of misery; even ignoble misery; and also of the antagonism against that; something mean; plebeian there; redeemed only by _intensity_:  the face of what is called a Fanatic;a sadly _contracted_ Hero!  We name him here because; with all his drawbacks; and they are many; he has the first and chief characteristic of a Hero:  he is heartily _in earnest_。  In earnest; if ever man was; as none of these French Philosophers were。  Nay; one would say; of an earnestness too great for his otherwise sensitive; rather feeble nature; and which indeed in the end drove him into the strangest incoherences; almost delirations。  There had come; at last; to be a kind of madness in him:  his Ideas _possessed_ him like demons; hurried him so about; drove him over steep places!

The fault and misery of Rousseau was what we easily name by a single word; _Egoism_; which is indeed the source and summary of all faults and miseries whatsoever。  He had not perfected himself into victory over mere Desire; a mean Hunger; in many sorts; was still the motive principle of him。  I am afraid he was a very vain man; hungry for the praises of men。  You remember Genlis's experience of him。  She took Jean Jacques to the Theatre; he bargaining for a strict incognito;〃He would not be seen there for the world!〃  The curtain did happen nevertheless to be drawn aside:  the Pit recognized Jean Jacques; but took no great notice of him!  He expressed the bitterest indignation; gloomed all evening; spake no other than surly words。  The glib Countess remained entirely convinced that his anger was not at being seen; but at not being applauded when seen。  How the whole nature of the man is poisoned; nothing but suspicion; self…isolation; fierce moody ways!  He could not live with anybody。  A man of some rank from the country; who visited him often; and used to sit with him; expressing all reverence and affection for him; comes one day; finds Jean Jacques full of the sourest unintelligible humor。  〃Monsieur;〃 said Jean Jacques; with flaming eyes; 〃I know why you come here。  You come to see what a poor life I lead; how little is in my poor pot that is boiling there。  Well; look into the pot!  There is half a pound of meat; one carrot and three onions; that is all:  go and tell the whole world that; if you like; Monsieur!〃A man of this sort was far gone。  The whole world got itself supplied with anecdotes; for light laughter; for a certain theatrical interest; from these perversions and contortions of poor Jean Jacques。  Alas; to him they were not laughing or theatrical; too real to him!  The contortions of a dying gladiator:  the crowded amphitheatre looks on with entertainment; but the gladiator is in agonies and dying。

And yet this Rousseau; as we say; with his passionate appeals to Mothers; with his _contrat…social_; with his celebrations of Nature; even of savage life in Nature; did once more touch upon Reality; struggle towards Reality; was doing the function of a Prophet to his Time。  As he could; and as the Time could!  Strangely through all that defacement; degradation and almost madness; there is in the inmost heart of poor Rousseau a spark of real heavenly fire。  Once more; out of the element of that withered mocking Philosophism; Scepticism and Persiflage; there has arisen in this man the ineradicable feeling and knowledge that this Life of ours is true:  not a Scepticism; Theorem; or Persiflage; but a Fact; an awful Reality。  Nature had made that revelation to him; had ordered him to speak it out。  He got it spoken out; if not well and clearly; then ill and dimly;as clearly as he could。  Nay what are all errors and perversities of his; even those stealings of ribbons; aimless confused miseries and vagabondisms; if we will interpret them kindly; but the blinkard dazzlement and staggerings to and fro of a man sent on an errand he is too weak for; by a path he cannot yet find?  Men are led by strange ways。  One should have tolerance for a man; hope of him; leave him to try yet what he will do。  While life lasts; hope lasts for every man。

Of Rousseau's literary talents; greatly celebrated still among his countrymen; I do not say much。  His Books; like himself; are what I call unhealthy; not the good sort of Books。  There is a sensuality in Rousseau。 Combined with such an intellectual gift as his; it makes pictures of a certain gorgeous attractiveness:  but they are not genuinely poetical。  Not white sunlight:  something _operatic_; a kind of rose…pink; artificial bedizenment。  It is frequent; or rather it is universal; among the French since his time。  Madame de Stael has something of it; St。 Pierre; and down onwards to the present astonishing co

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