heroes and hero worship-第32节
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here the true heart of the matter lies; and to plant himself courageously on that; as a strong true man; that other true men may rally round him there。 He will not continue leader of men otherwise。 Luther's clear deep force of judgment; his force of all sorts; of _silence_; of tolerance and moderation; among others; are very notable in these circumstances。
Tolerance; I say; a very genuine kind of tolerance: he distinguishes what is essential; and what is not; the unessential may go very much as it will。 A complaint comes to him that such and such a Reformed Preacher 〃will not preach without a cassock。〃 Well; answers Luther; what harm will a cassock do the man? 〃Let him have a cassock to preach in; let him have three cassocks if he find benefit in them!〃 His conduct in the matter of Karlstadt's wild image…breaking; of the Anabaptists; of the Peasants' War; shows a noble strength; very different from spasmodic violence。 With sure prompt insight he discriminates what is what: a strong just man; he speaks forth what is the wise course; and all men follow him in that。 Luther's Written Works give similar testimony of him。 The dialect of these speculations is now grown obsolete for us; but one still reads them with a singular attraction。 And indeed the mere grammatical diction is still legible enough; Luther's merit in literary history is of the greatest: his dialect became the language of all writing。 They are not well written; these Four…and…twenty Quartos of his; written hastily; with quite other than literary objects。 But in no Books have I found a more robust; genuine; I will say noble faculty of a man than in these。 A rugged honesty; homeliness; simplicity; a rugged sterling sense and strength。 He dashes out illumination from him; his smiting idiomatic phrases seem to cleave into the very secret of the matter。 Good humor too; nay tender affection; nobleness and depth: this man could have been a Poet too! He had to _work_ an Epic Poem; not write one。 I call him a great Thinker; as indeed his greatness of heart already betokens that。
Richter says of Luther's words; 〃His words are half…battles。〃 They may be called so。 The essential quality of him was; that he could fight and conquer; that he was a right piece of human Valor。 No more valiant man; no mortal heart to be called _braver_; that one has record of; ever lived in that Teutonic Kindred; whose character is valor。 His defiance of the 〃Devils〃 in Worms was not a mere boast; as the like might be if now spoken。 It was a faith of Luther's that there were Devils; spiritual denizens of the Pit; continually besetting men。 Many times; in his writings; this turns up; and a most small sneer has been grounded on it by some。 In the room of the Wartburg where he sat translating the Bible; they still show you a black spot on the wall; the strange memorial of one of these conflicts。 Luther sat translating one of the Psalms; he was worn down with long labor; with sickness; abstinence from food: there rose before him some hideous indefinable Image; which he took for the Evil One; to forbid his work: Luther started up; with fiend…defiance; flung his inkstand at the spectre; and it disappeared! The spot still remains there; a curious monument of several things。 Any apothecary's apprentice can now tell us what we are to think of this apparition; in a scientific sense: but the man's heart that dare rise defiant; face to face; against Hell itself; can give no higher proof of fearlessness。 The thing he will quail before exists not on this Earth or under it。Fearless enough! 〃The Devil is aware;〃 writes he on one occasion; 〃that this does not proceed out of fear in me。 I have seen and defied innumerable Devils。 Duke George;〃 of Leipzig; a great enemy of his; 〃Duke George is not equal to one Devil;〃far short of a Devil! 〃If I had business at Leipzig; I would ride into Leipzig; though it rained Duke Georges for nine days running。〃 What a reservoir of Dukes to ride into!
At the same time; they err greatly who imagine that this man's courage was ferocity; mere coarse disobedient obstinacy and savagery; as many do。 Far from that。 There may be an absence of fear which arises from the absence of thought or affection; from the presence of hatred and stupid fury。 We do not value the courage of the tiger highly! With Luther it was far otherwise; no accusation could be more unjust than this of mere ferocious violence brought against him。 A most gentle heart withal; full of pity and love; as indeed the truly valiant heart ever is。 The tiger before a _stronger_ foeflies: the tiger is not what we call valiant; only fierce and cruel。 I know few things more touching than those soft breathings of affection; soft as a child's or a mother's; in this great wild heart of Luther。 So honest; unadulterated with any cant; homely; rude in their utterance; pure as water welling from the rock。 What; in fact; was all that down…pressed mood of despair and reprobation; which we saw in his youth; but the outcome of pre…eminent thoughtful gentleness; affections too keen and fine? It is the course such men as the poor Poet Cowper fall into。 Luther to a slight observer might have seemed a timid; weak man; modesty; affectionate shrinking tenderness the chief distinction of him。 It is a noble valor which is roused in a heart like this; once stirred up into defiance; all kindled into a heavenly blaze。
In Luther's _Table…Talk_; a posthumous Book of anecdotes and sayings collected by his friends; the most interesting now of all the Books proceeding from him; we have many beautiful unconscious displays of the man; and what sort of nature he had。 His behavior at the death…bed of his little Daughter; so still; so great and loving; is among the most affecting things。 He is resigned that his little Magdalene should die; yet longs inexpressibly that she might live;follows; in awe…struck thought; the flight of her little soul through those unknown realms。 Awe…struck; most heartfelt; we can see; and sincere;for after all dogmatic creeds and articles; he feels what nothing it is that we know; or can know: His little Magdalene shall be with God; as God wills; for Luther too that is all; _Islam_ is all。
Once; he looks out from his solitary Patmos; the Castle of Coburg; in the middle of the night: The great vault of Immensity; long flights of clouds sailing through it;dumb; gaunt; huge:who supports all that? 〃None ever saw the pillars of it; yet it is supported。〃 God supports it。 We must know that God is great; that God is good; and trust; where we cannot see。Returning home from Leipzig once; he is struck by the beauty of the harvest…fields: How it stands; that golden yellow corn; on its fair taper stem; its golden head bent; all rich and waving there;the meek Earth; at God's kind bidding; has produced it once again; the bread of man!In the garden at Wittenberg one evening at sunset; a little bird has perched for the night: That little bird; says Luther; above it are the stars and deep Heaven of worlds; yet it has folded its little wings; gone trustfully to rest there as in its home: the Maker of it has given it too a home!Neither are mirthful turns wanting: there is a great free human heart in this man。 The common speech of him has a rugged nobleness; idiomatic; expressive; genuine; gleams here and there with beautiful poetic tints。 One feels him to be a great brother man。 His love of Music; indeed; is not this; as it were; the summary of all these affections in him? Many a wild unutterability he spoke forth from him in the tones of his flute。 The Devils fled from his flute; he says。 Death…defiance on the one hand; and such love of music on the other; I could call these the two opposite poles of a great soul; between these two all great things had room。
Luther's face is to me expressive of him; in Kranach's best portraits I find the true Luther。 A rude plebeian face; with its huge crag…like brows and bones; the emblem of rugged energy; at first; almost a repulsive face。 Yet in the eyes especially there is a wild silent sorrow; an unnamable melancholy; the element of all gentle and fine affections; giving to the rest the true stamp of nobleness。 Laughter was in this Luther; as we said; but tears also were there。 Tears also were appointed him; tears and hard toil。 The basis of his life was Sadness; Earnestness。 In his latter days; after all triumphs and victories; he expresses himself heartily weary of living; he considers that God alone can and will regulate the course things are taking; and that perhaps the Day of Judgment is not far。 As for him; he longs for one thing: that God would release him from his labor; and let him depart and be at rest。 They understand little of the man who cite this in discredit of him!I will call this Luther a true Great Man; great in intellect; in courage; affection and integrity; one of our most lovable and precious men。 Great; not as a hewn obelisk; but as an Alpine mountain;so simple; honest; spontaneous; not setting up to be great at all; there for quite another purpose than being great! Ah yes; unsubduable granite; piercing far and wide into the Heavens; yet in the clefts of it fountains; green beautiful valleys with flowers! A right