heroes and hero worship-第17节
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m better; good; not bad。 Generous things are recorded of him: when he lost his Daughter; the thing he answers is; in his own dialect; every way sincere; and yet equivalent to that of Christians; 〃The Lord giveth; and the Lord taketh away; blessed be the name of the Lord。〃 He answered in like manner of Seid; his emancipated well…beloved Slave; the second of the believers。 Seid had fallen in the War of Tabuc; the first of Mahomet's fightings with the Greeks。 Mahomet said; It was well; Seid had done his Master's work; Seid had now gone to his Master: it was all well with Seid。 Yet Seid's daughter found him weeping over the body;the old gray…haired man melting in tears! 〃What do I see?〃 said she。〃You see a friend weeping over his friend。〃He went out for the last time into the mosque; two days before his death; asked; If he had injured any man? Let his own back bear the stripes。 If he owed any man? A voice answered; 〃Yes; me three drachms;〃 borrowed on such an occasion。 Mahomet ordered them to be paid: 〃Better be in shame now;〃 said he; 〃than at the Day of Judgment。〃You remember Kadijah; and the 〃No; by Allah!〃 Traits of that kind show us the genuine man; the brother of us all; brought visible through twelve centuries;the veritable Son of our common Mother。
Withal I like Mahomet for his total freedom from cant。 He is a rough self…helping son of the wilderness; does not pretend to be what he is not。 There is no ostentatious pride in him; but neither does he go much upon humility: he is there as he can be; in cloak and shoes of his own clouting; speaks plainly to all manner of Persian Kings; Greek Emperors; what it is they are bound to do; knows well enough; about himself; 〃the respect due unto thee。〃 In a life…and…death war with Bedouins; cruel things could not fail; but neither are acts of mercy; of noble natural pity and generosity wanting。 Mahomet makes no apology for the one; no boast of the other。 They were each the free dictate of his heart; each called for; there and then。 Not a mealy…mouthed man! A candid ferocity; if the case call for it; is in him; he does not mince matters! The War of Tabuc is a thing he often speaks of: his men refused; many of them; to march on that occasion; pleaded the heat of the weather; the harvest; and so forth; he can never forget that。 Your harvest? It lasts for a day。 What will become of your harvest through all Eternity? Hot weather? Yes; it was hot; 〃but Hell will be hotter!〃 Sometimes a rough sarcasm turns up: He says to the unbelievers; Ye shall have the just measure of your deeds at that Great Day。 They will be weighed out to you; ye shall not have short weight!Everywhere he fixes the matter in his eye; he _sees_ it: his heart; now and then; is as if struck dumb by the greatness of it。 〃Assuredly;〃 he says: that word; in the Koran; is written down sometimes as a sentence by itself: 〃Assuredly。〃
No _Dilettantism_ in this Mahomet; it is a business of Reprobation and Salvation with him; of Time and Eternity: he is in deadly earnest about it! Dilettantism; hypothesis; speculation; a kind of amateur…search for Truth; toying and coquetting with Truth: this is the sorest sin。 The root of all other imaginable sins。 It consists in the heart and soul of the man never having been _open_ to Truth;〃living in a vain show。〃 Such a man not only utters and produces falsehoods; but is himself a falsehood。 The rational moral principle; spark of the Divinity; is sunk deep in him; in quiet paralysis of life…death。 The very falsehoods of Mahomet are truer than the truths of such a man。 He is the insincere man: smooth…polished; respectable in some times and places; inoffensive; says nothing harsh to anybody; most _cleanly_;just as carbonic acid is; which is death and poison。
We will not praise Mahomet's moral precepts as always of the superfinest sort; yet it can be said that there is always a tendency to good in them; that they are the true dictates of a heart aiming towards what is just and true。 The sublime forgiveness of Christianity; turning of the other cheek when the one has been smitten; is not here: you _are_ to revenge yourself; but it is to be in measure; not overmuch; or beyond justice。 On the other hand; Islam; like any great Faith; and insight into the essence of man; is a perfect equalizer of men: the soul of one believer outweighs all earthly kingships; all men; according to Islam too; are equal。 Mahomet insists not on the propriety of giving alms; but on the necessity of it: he marks down by law how much you are to give; and it is at your peril if you neglect。 The tenth part of a man's annual income; whatever that may be; is the _property_ of the poor; of those that are afflicted and need help。 Good all this: the natural voice of humanity; of pity and equity dwelling in the heart of this wild Son of Nature speaks _so_。
Mahomet's Paradise is sensual; his Hell sensual: true; in the one and the other there is enough that shocks all spiritual feeling in us。 But we are to recollect that the Arabs already had it so; that Mahomet; in whatever he changed of it; softened and diminished all this。 The worst sensualities; too; are the work of doctors; followers of his; not his work。 In the Koran there is really very little said about the joys of Paradise; they are intimated rather than insisted on。 Nor is it forgotten that the highest joys even there shall be spiritual; the pure Presence of the Highest; this shall infinitely transcend all other joys。 He says; 〃Your salutation shall be; Peace。〃 _Salam_; Have Peace!the thing that all rational souls long for; and seek; vainly here below; as the one blessing。 〃Ye shall sit on seats; facing one another: all grudges shall be taken away out of your hearts。〃 All grudges! Ye shall love one another freely; for each of you; in the eyes of his brothers; there will be Heaven enough!
In reference to this of the sensual Paradise and Mahomet's sensuality; the sorest chapter of all for us; there were many things to be said; which it is not convenient to enter upon here。 Two remarks only I shall make; and therewith leave it to your candor。 The first is furnished me by Goethe; it is a casual hint of his which seems well worth taking note of。 In one of his Delineations; in _Meister's Travels_ it is; the hero comes upon a Society of men with very strange ways; one of which was this: 〃We require;〃 says the Master; 〃that each of our people shall restrict himself in one direction;〃 shall go right against his desire in one matter; and _make_ himself do the thing he does not wish; 〃should we allow him the greater latitude on all other sides。〃 There seems to me a great justness in this。 Enjoying things which are pleasant; that is not the evil: it is the reducing of our moral self to slavery by them that is。 Let a man assert withal that he is king over his habitudes; that he could and would shake them off; on cause shown: this is an excellent law。 The Month Ramadhan for the Moslem; much in Mahomet's Religion; much in his own Life; bears in that direction; if not by forethought; or clear purpose of moral improvement on his part; then by a certain healthy manful instinct; which is as good。
But there is another thing to be said about the Mahometan Heaven and Hell。 This namely; that; however gross and material they may be; they are an emblem of an everlasting truth; not always so well remembered elsewhere。 That gross sensual Paradise of his; that horrible flaming Hell; the great enormous Day of Judgment he perpetually insists on: what is all this but a rude shadow; in the rude Bedouin imagination; of that grand spiritual Fact; and Beginning of Facts; which it is ill for us too if we do not all know and feel: the Infinite Nature of Duty? That man's actions here are of _infinite_ moment to him; and never die or end at all; that man; with his little life; reaches upwards high as Heaven; downwards low as Hell; and in his threescore years of Time holds an Eternity fearfully and wonderfully hidden: all this had burnt itself; as in flame…characters; into the wild Arab soul。 As in flame and lightning; it stands written there; awful; unspeakable; ever present to him。 With bursting earnestness; with a fierce savage sincerity; half…articulating; not able to articulate; he strives to speak it; bodies it forth in that Heaven and that Hell。 Bodied forth in what way you will; it is the first of all truths。 It is venerable under all embodiments。 What is the chief end of man here below? Mahomet has answered this question; in a way that might put some of us to shame! He does not; like a Bentham; a Paley; take Right and Wrong; and calculate the profit and loss; ultimate pleasure of the one and of the other; and summing all up by addition and subtraction into a net result; ask you; Whether on the whole the Right does not preponderate considerably? No; it is not _better_ to do the one than the other; the one is to the other as life is to death;as Heaven is to Hell。 The one must in nowise be done; the other in nowise left undone。 You shall not measure them; they are incommensurable: the one is death eternal to a man; the other is life eternal。 Benthamee Utility; virtue by Profit and Loss; reducing this God's…world to