first visit to new england-µÚ10½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
of¡¡immortality£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡experiences¡¡of¡¡morbid¡¡youth£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡all¡¡those
messages¡¡from¡¡the¡¡tremulous¡¡nerves¡¡which¡¡we¡¡take¡¡for¡¡prophecies¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was
not¡¡ashamed£»¡¡before¡¡his¡¡tolerant¡¡wisdom£»¡¡to¡¡acknowledge¡¡the¡¡effects¡¡that
had¡¡lingered¡¡so¡¡long¡¡with¡¡me¡¡in¡¡fancy¡¡and¡¡even¡¡in¡¡conduct£»¡¡from¡¡a¡¡time¡¡of
broken¡¡health¡¡and¡¡troubled¡¡spirit£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡remember¡¡the¡¡exquisite¡¡tact¡¡in
him¡¡which¡¡recognized¡¡them¡¡as¡¡things¡¡common¡¡to¡¡all£»¡¡however¡¡peculiar¡¡in
each£»¡¡which¡¡left¡¡them¡¡mine¡¡for¡¡whatever¡¡obscure¡¡vanity¡¡I¡¡might¡¡have¡¡in
them£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡gave¡¡me¡¡the¡¡companionship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡race¡¡in¡¡their
experience¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡spoke¡¡of¡¡forebodings¡¡and¡¡presentiments£»¡¡we¡¡approached¡¡the
mystic¡¡confines¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡from¡¡which¡¡no¡¡traveller¡¡has¡¡yet¡¡returned
with¡¡a¡¡passport¡¡'en¡¡regle'¡¡and¡¡properly¡¡'vise'£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡held¡¡his¡¡light
course¡¡through¡¡these¡¡filmy¡¡impalpabilities¡¡with¡¡a¡¡charming¡¡sincerity£»
with¡¡the¡¡scientific¡¡conscience¡¡that¡¡refuses¡¡either¡¡to¡¡deny¡¡the¡¡substance
of¡¡things¡¡unseen£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡affirm¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡gathering¡¡dusk£»¡¡so¡¡weird¡¡did
my¡¡fortune¡¡of¡¡being¡¡there¡¡and¡¡listening¡¡to¡¡him¡¡seem£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡might¡¡well
have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡blessed¡¡ghost£»¡¡for¡¡all¡¡the¡¡reality¡¡I¡¡felt¡¡in¡¡myself¡£
I¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡him¡¡how¡¡much¡¡I¡¡had¡¡read¡¡him¡¡from¡¡my¡¡boyhood£»¡¡and¡¡with
what¡¡joy¡¡and¡¡gain£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡was¡¡patient¡¡of¡¡these¡¡futilities£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no
doubt¡¡imagined¡¡the¡¡love¡¡that¡¡inspired¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡accepted¡¡that¡¡instead¡¡of
the¡¡poor¡¡praise¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡sunset¡¡passed£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lamps¡¡were¡¡lighted£»¡¡and
we¡¡all¡¡came¡¡back¡¡to¡¡our¡¡dear¡¡little¡¡firm¡set¡¡earth£»¡¡he¡¡began¡¡to¡¡question
me¡¡about¡¡my¡¡native¡¡region¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡From¡¡many¡¡forgotten¡¡inquiries¡¡I¡¡recall
his¡¡asking¡¡me¡¡what¡¡was¡¡the¡¡fashionable¡¡religion¡¡in¡¡Columbus£»¡¡or¡¡the
Church¡¡that¡¡socially¡¡corresponded¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Unitarian¡¡Church¡¡in¡¡Boston¡£
He¡¡had¡¡first¡¡to¡¡clarify¡¡my¡¡intelligence¡¡as¡¡to¡what¡¡Unitarianism¡¡was£»¡¡we
had¡¡Universalists¡¡but¡¡not¡¡Unitarians£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡I¡¡understood£»¡¡I¡¡answered
from¡¡such¡¡vantage¡¡as¡¡my¡¡own¡¡wholly¡¡outside¡¡Swedenborgianism¡¡gave¡¡me£»¡¡that
I¡¡thought¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡respectable¡¡people¡¡with¡¡us¡¡were¡¡of¡¡the
Presbyterian¡¡Church£»¡¡some¡¡were¡¡certainly¡¡Episcopalians£»¡¡but¡¡upon¡¡the
whole¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡number¡¡were¡¡Presbyterians¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡found¡¡that¡¡very¡¡strange
indeed£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡that¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡believe¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Presbyterian¡¡Church
in¡¡Boston£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡New¡¡England¡¡Calvinists¡¡were¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Orthodox
Church¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡Oxthodoxy¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡I¡¡could¡¡confess¡¡to
one¡¡Congregational¡¡Church¡¡in¡¡Columbus¡£
Probably¡¡I¡¡failed¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡Autocrat¡¡any¡¡very¡¡clear¡¡image¡¡of¡¡our¡¡social
frame¡¡in¡¡the¡¡West£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡fault¡¡was¡¡altogether¡¡mine£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡did¡£¡¡¡¡Such
lecturing¡¡tours¡¡as¡¡he¡¡had¡¡made¡¡had¡¡not¡¡taken¡¡him¡¡among¡¡us£»¡¡as¡¡those¡¡of
Emerson¡¡and¡¡other¡¡New¡Englanders¡¡had£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡report¡¡was¡¡positive¡¡rather
than¡¡comparative¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡full¡¡of¡¡pride¡¡in¡¡journalism¡¡at¡¡that¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡I
dare¡¡say¡¡that¡¡I¡¡vaunted¡¡the¡¡brilliancy¡¡and¡¡power¡¡of¡¡our¡¡newspapers¡¡more
than¡¡they¡¡merited£»¡¡I¡¡should¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡wrong¡¡them¡¡otherwise¡£
It¡¡is¡¡strange¡¡that¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡talk¡¡I¡¡had¡¡with¡¡him¡¡and¡¡Lowell£»¡¡or¡¡rather
heard¡¡from¡¡them£»¡¡I¡¡can¡¡recall¡¡nothing¡¡said¡¡of¡¡political¡¡affairs£»¡¡though
Lincoln¡¡had¡¡then¡¡been¡¡nominated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Republicans£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Civil¡¡War¡¡had
practically¡¡begun¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡we¡¡did¡¡not¡¡imagine¡¡such¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North£»¡¡we
rested¡¡secure¡¡in¡¡the¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡if¡¡Lincoln¡¡were¡¡elected¡¡the¡¡South¡¡would
eat¡¡all¡¡its¡¡fiery¡¡words£»¡¡perhaps¡¡from¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡love¡¡and¡¡inveterate¡¡habit
of¡¡fireeating¡£
I¡¡rent¡¡myself¡¡away¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Autocrat's¡¡presence¡¡as¡¡early¡¡as¡¡I¡¡could£»
and¡¡as¡¡my¡¡evening¡¡had¡¡been¡¡too¡¡full¡¡of¡¡happiness¡¡to¡¡sleep¡¡upon¡¡at¡¡once£»
I¡¡spent¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡night¡¡till¡¡two¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡wandering¡¡about¡¡the
streets¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Common¡¡with¡¡a¡¡Harvard¡¡Senior¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡had¡¡met¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a
youth¡¡of¡¡like¡¡literary¡¡passions¡¡with¡¡myself£»¡¡but¡¡of¡¡such¡¡different
traditions¡¡in¡¡every¡¡possible¡¡way¡¡that¡¡his¡¡deeply¡¡schooled¡¡and¡¡definitely
regulated¡¡life¡¡seemed¡¡as¡¡anomalous¡¡to¡¡me¡¡as¡¡my¡¡own¡¡desultory¡¡and
self¡found¡¡way¡¡must¡¡have¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡time¡¡in¡¡the
delight¡¡of¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡make¡¡ourselves¡¡known¡¡to¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡a¡¡promise
to¡¡continue¡¡by¡¡letter¡¡the¡¡effort£»¡¡which¡¡duly¡¡lapsed¡¡into¡¡silent¡¡patience
with¡¡the¡¡necessarily¡¡insoluble¡¡problem¡£
XIII¡£
I¡¡must¡¡have¡¡lingered¡¡in¡¡Boston¡¡for¡¡the¡¡introduction¡¡to¡¡Hawthorne¡¡which
Lowell¡¡had¡¡offered¡¡me£»¡¡for¡¡when¡¡it¡¡came£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡little¡¡note¡¡of¡¡kindness
and¡¡counsel¡¡for¡¡myself¡¡such¡¡as¡¡only¡¡Lowell¡¡had¡¡the¡¡gift¡¡of¡¡writing£»
it¡¡was¡¡already¡¡so¡¡near¡¡Sunday¡¡that¡¡I¡¡stayed¡¡over¡¡till¡¡Monday¡¡before¡¡I
started¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡recall¡¡what¡¡I¡¡did¡¡with¡¡the¡¡time£»¡¡except¡¡keep¡¡myself
from¡¡making¡¡it¡¡a¡¡burden¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡¡I¡¡knew£»¡¡and¡¡wandering¡¡about¡¡the
city¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡Nothing¡¡of¡¡it¡¡remains¡¡to¡¡me¡¡except¡¡the¡¡fortune¡¡that¡¡favored
me¡¡that¡¡Sunday¡¡night¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Granary¡¡Burying¡ground¡¡on
Tremont¡¡Street¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡found¡¡the¡¡gates¡¡open£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡explored¡¡every¡¡path¡¡in¡¡the
place£»¡¡wreaking¡¡myself¡¡in¡¡such¡¡meagre¡¡emotion¡¡as¡¡I¡¡could¡¡get¡¡from¡¡the
tomb¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Franklin¡¡family£»¡¡and¡¡rejoicing¡¡with¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡soul¡¡of¡¡my
Western¡¡modernity¡¡in¡¡the¡¡evidence¡¡of¡¡a¡¡remote¡¡antiquity¡¡which¡¡so¡¡many¡¡of
the¡¡dim¡¡inscriptions¡¡afforded¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡ever¡¡known
anything¡¡practically¡¡older¡¡than¡¡these¡¡monuments£»¡¡though¡¡I¡¡have¡¡since
supped¡¡so¡¡full¡¡of¡¡classic¡¡and¡¡mediaeval¡¡ruin¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡I¡¡was¡¡more
deeply¡¡touched¡¡by¡¡the¡¡epitaph¡¡of¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡little¡¡Puritan¡¡maiden¡¡who¡¡died¡¡at
sixteen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡early¡¡sixteen¡thirties¡¡than¡¡afterwards¡¡by¡¡the¡¡tomb¡¡of
Caecilia¡¡Metella£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡heartache¡¡which¡¡I¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡put¡¡into¡¡verse
when¡¡I¡¡got¡¡back¡¡to¡¡my¡¡room¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hotel¡¡was¡¡none¡¡the¡¡less¡¡genuine¡¡because
it¡¡would¡¡not¡¡lend¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡my¡¡literary¡¡purpose£»¡¡and¡¡remains¡¡nothing¡¡but
pathos¡¡to¡¡this¡¡day¡£
I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡able¡¡to¡¡say¡¡how¡¡I¡¡reached¡¡the¡¡town¡¡of¡¡Lowell£»¡¡where¡¡I¡¡went
before¡¡going¡¡to¡¡Concord£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡might¡¡ease¡¡the¡¡unhappy¡¡conscience¡¡I¡¡had
about¡¡those¡¡factories¡¡which¡¡I¡¡hated¡¡so¡¡much¡¡to¡¡see£»¡¡and¡¡have¡¡it¡¡clean¡¡for
the¡¡pleasure¡¡of¡¡meeting¡¡the¡¡fabricator¡¡of¡¡visions¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡was¡¡authorized
to¡¡molest¡¡in¡¡any¡¡air¡castle¡¡where¡¡I¡¡might¡¡find¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡only¡¡know¡¡that¡¡I
went¡¡to¡¡Lowell£»¡¡and¡¡visited¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡mills£»¡¡which¡¡with¡¡their
whirring¡¡spools£»¡¡the¡¡ceaseless¡¡flight¡¡of¡¡their¡¡shuttles£»¡¡and¡¡the
bewildering¡¡sight¡¡and¡¡sound¡¡of¡¡all¡¡their¡¡mechanism¡¡have¡¡since¡¡seemed¡¡to
me¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡the¡¡joy¡¡that¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡come¡¡from¡¡work£»¡¡if¡¡not¡¡the
captivity¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡tended¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡then¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡right¡¡and¡¡well
for¡¡me¡¡to¡¡be¡¡standing¡¡by£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨With¡¡sick¡¡and¡¡scornful¡¡looks¡¡averse£»¡¨
while¡¡these¡¡others¡¡toiled£»¡¡I¡¡did¡¡not¡¡see¡¡the¡¡tragedy¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡got¡¡my
pitiful¡¡literary¡¡antipathy¡¡away¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡I¡¡could£»¡¡no¡¡wiser¡¡for¡¡the
sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ingenious¡¡contrivances¡¡I¡¡inspected£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sorry¡¡to¡¡say¡¡no
sadder¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡cool¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡I¡¡sat¡¡at¡¡the¡¡door¡¡of¡¡my¡¡hotel£»¡¡and
watched¡¡the¡¡long¡¡files¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work¡worn¡¡factory¡girls¡¡stream¡¡by£»¡¡with¡¡no
concern¡¡for¡¡them¡¡but¡¡to¡¡see¡¡which¡¡was¡¡pretty¡¡and¡¡which¡¡was¡¡plain£»¡¡and
with¡¡no¡¡dream¡¡of¡¡a¡¡truer¡¡order¡¡than¡¡that¡¡which¡¡gave¡¡them¡¡ten¡¡hours'¡¡work
a¡¡day¡¡in¡¡those¡¡hideous¡¡mills¡¡and¡¡lodged¡¡them¡¡in¡¡the¡¡barracks¡¡where¡¡they
rested¡¡from¡¡their¡¡toil¡£
I¡¡wonder¡¡if¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡stage¡¡that¡¡still¡¡runs¡¡between¡¡Lowell¡¡and¡¡Concord£»
past¡¡meadow¡¡walls£»¡¡and¡¡under¡¡the¡¡caressing¡¡boughs¡¡of¡¡way¡side¡¡elms£»¡¡and
through¡¡the¡¡bird¡haunted¡¡gloom¡¡of¡¡woodland¡¡roads£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡freshness¡¡of¡¡the
summer¡¡morning£¿¡¡¡¡By¡¡a¡¡blessed¡¡chance¡¡I¡¡found¡¡that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡such¡¡a¡¡stage
in¡¡1860£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡took¡¡it¡¡from¡¡my¡¡hotel£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡going¡¡back¡¡to¡¡Boston¡¡and
up¡¡to¡¡Concord¡¡as¡¡I¡¡must¡¡have¡¡had¡¡to¡¡do¡¡by¡¡train¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡journey¡¡gave¡¡me¡¡the
intimacy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡England¡¡country¡¡as¡¡I¡¡could¡¡have¡¡had¡¡it¡¡in¡¡no¡¡other
fashion£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡time¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡it¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡summer¡¡sweetness
which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡often¡¡steeped¡¡my¡¡soul¡¡in¡¡since¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡meadows¡¡were¡¡newly
mown£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡air¡¡was¡¡fragrant¡¡with¡¡the¡¡grass£»¡¡stretching¡¡in¡¡long¡¡winrows
among¡¡the¡¡brown¡¡bowlders£»¡¡or¡¡capped¡¡with¡¡canvas¡¡in¡¡the¡¡little¡¡haycocks¡¡it
had¡¡been¡¡gathered¡¡into¡¡the¡¡day¡¡before¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡fresh¡¡from¡¡the¡¡affluent
farms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Western¡¡Reserve£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡care¡¡of¡¡the¡¡grass¡¡touched¡¡me¡¡with
a¡¡rude¡¡pity£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡also¡¡bestowed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡meagre¡¡fields¡¡of¡¡corn¡¡and
wheat£»¡¡but¡¡still¡¡the¡¡land¡¡was¡¡lovelier¡¡than¡¡any¡¡I¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡seen£»¡¡with¡¡its
old¡¡farmhouses£»¡¡and¡¡brambled¡¡gray¡¡stone¡¡walls£»¡¡its¡¡stony¡¡hillsides£»¡¡its
staggering¡¡orchards£»¡¡its¡¡wooded¡¡tops£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡thick¡brackened¡¡valleys¡£
From¡¡West¡¡to¡¡East¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡was¡¡as¡¡great¡¡as¡¡I¡¡afterwards¡¡found¡¡it
from¡¡America¡¡to¡¡Europe£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡impression¡¡of¡¡something¡¡quaint¡¡and¡¡strange
was¡¡no¡¡keener¡¡when¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡Old¡¡England¡¡the¡¡next¡¡year¡¡than¡¡when¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡New
England¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡had¡¡imagined¡¡the¡¡landscape¡¡bare¡¡of¡¡trees£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡was
astonished¡¡to¡¡find¡¡it¡¡almost¡¡as¡¡full¡¡of¡¡them¡¡as¡¡at¡¡home£»¡¡though¡¡they¡¡all
looked¡¡very¡¡little£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡well¡¡might¡¡to¡¡eyes¡¡used¡¡to¡¡the¡¡primeval
forests¡¡of¡¡Ohio¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡road¡¡ran¡¡through¡¡them¡¡from¡¡time¡¡to¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡took
their¡¡coolness¡¡on¡¡its¡¡smooth¡¡hard¡¡reaches£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡issued¡¡again¡¡in¡¡the
glisten¡¡of¡¡the¡¡open¡¡fields¡£
I¡¡made¡¡phrases¡¡to¡¡myself¡¡about¡¡the¡¡scenery¡¡as¡¡we¡¡drove¡¡along£»¡¡and¡¡yes£»¡¡I
suppose¡¡I¡¡made¡¡phrases¡¡about¡¡the¡¡young¡¡girl¡¡who¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡inside
passengers£»¡¡and¡¡who£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡common¡¡strangeness¡¡had¡¡somewhat¡¡worn¡¡off£»
began¡¡to¡¡sing£»¡¡and¡¡sang¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡way¡¡to¡¡Concord¡£¡¡¡¡Perhaps¡¡she¡¡was¡¡not
very¡¡sage£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sure¡¡she¡¡was¡¡not¡¡of¡¡the¡¡caste¡¡of¡¡Vere¡¡de¡¡Vere£»¡¡but
she¡¡was¡¡pretty¡¡enough£»¡¡and¡¡she¡¡had¡¡a¡¡voice¡¡of¡¡a¡¡bird