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29。 It will be also worth our while to see what equity our legislator would have us exercise in our intercourse with strangers察for it will thence appear that he made the best provision he possibly could察both that we should not dissolve our own constitution察nor show any envious mind towards those that would cultivate a friendship with us。 Accordingly察 our legislator admits all those that have a mind to observe our laws so to do察and this after a friendly manner察as esteeming that a true union which not only extends to our own stock察but to those that would live after the same manner with us察yet does he not allow those that come to us by accident only to be admitted into communion with us。 30。 However察there are other things which our legislator ordained for us beforehand察which of necessity we ought to do in common to all men察as to afford fire察and water察and food to such as want it察to show them the roads察not to let any one lie unburied。 He also would have us treat those that are esteemed our enemies with moderation察for he doth not allow us to set their country on fire察nor permit us to cut down those trees that bear fruit察nay察further察he forbids us to spoil those that have been slain in war。 He hath also provided for such as are taken captive察that they may not be injured察 and especially that the women may not be abused。 Indeed he hath taught us gentleness and humanity so effectually察that he hath not despised the care of brute beasts察by permitting no other than a regular use of them察and forbidding any other察 and if any of them come to our houses察like supplicants察we are forbidden to slay them察nor may we kill the dams察 together with their young ones察but we are obliged察even in an enemy's country察to spare and not kill those creatures that labor for mankind。 Thus hath our lawgiver contrived to teach us an equitable conduct every way察by using us to such laws as instruct us therein察while at the same time he hath ordained that such as break these laws should be punished察 without the allowance of any excuse whatsoever。 31。 Now the greatest part of offenses with us are capital察as if any one be guilty of adultery察if any one force a virgin察if any one be so impudent as to attempt sodomy with a male察or if察 upon another's making an attempt upon him察he submits to be so used。 There is also a law for slaves of the like nature察 that can never be avoided。 Moreover察if any one cheats another in measures or weights察or makes a knavish bargain and sale察in order to cheat another察if any one steals what belongs to another察and takes what he never deposited察all these have punishments allotted them察not such as are met with among other nations察but more severe ones。 And as for attempts of unjust behavior towards parents察or for impiety against God察though they be not actually accomplished察the offenders are destroyed immediately。 However察the reward for such as live exactly according to the laws is not silver or gold察it is not a garland of olive branches or of small age察nor any such public sign of commendation察but every good man hath his own conscience bearing witness to himself察and by virtue of our legislator's prophetic spirit察and of the firm security God himself affords such a one察he believes that God hath made this grant to those that observe these laws察even though they be obliged readily to die for them察that they shall come into being again察and at a certain revolution of things shall receive a better life than they had enjoyed before。 Nor would I venture to write thus at this time察were it not well known to all by our actions that many of our people have many a time bravely resolved to endure any sufferings察rather than speak one word against our law。 32。 Nay察indeed察in case it had so fallen out察that our nation had not been so thoroughly known among all men as they are察and our voluntary submission to our laws had not been so open and manifest as it is察but that somebody had pretended to have written these laws himself察and had read them to the Greeks察or had pretended that he had met with men out of the limits of the known world察that had such reverent notions of God察and had continued a long time in the firm observance of such laws as ours察I cannot but suppose that all men would admire them on a reflection upon the frequent changes they had therein been themselves subject to察and this while those that have attempted to write somewhat of the same kind for politic government察and for laws察are accused as composing monstrous things察and are said to have undertaken an impossible task upon them。 And here I will say nothing of those other philosophers who have undertaken any thing of this nature in their writings。 But even Plato himself察who is so admired by the Greeks on account of that gravity in his manners察and force in his words察 and that ability he had to persuade men beyond all other philosophers察is little better than laughed at and exposed to ridicule on that account察by those that pretend to sagacity in political affairs察although he that shall diligently peruse his writings will find his precepts to be somewhat gentle察and pretty near to the customs of the generality of mankind。 Nay察 Plato himself confesseth that it is not safe to publish the true notion concerning God among the ignorant multitude。 Yet do some men look upon Plato's discourses as no better than certain idle words set off with great artifice。 However察they admire Lycurgus as the principal lawgiver察and all men celebrate Sparta for having continued in the firm observance of his laws for a very long time。 So far then we have gained察 that it is to be confessed a mark of virtue to submit to laws。 24 But then let such as admire this in the Lacedemonians compare that duration of theirs with more than two thousand years which our political government hath continued察and let them further consider察that though the Lacedemonians did seem to observe their laws exactly while they enjoyed their liberty察yet that when they underwent a change of their fortune察they forgot almost all those laws察while we察having been under ten thousand changes in our fortune by the changes that happened among the kings of Asia察have never betrayed our laws under the most pressing distresses we have been in察nor have we neglected them either out of sloth or for a livelihood。 25 if any one will consider it察the difficulties and labors laid upon us have been greater than what appears to have been borne by the Lacedemonian fortitude察while they neither ploughed their land察nor exercised any trades察but lived in their own city察free from all such pains´taking察in the enjoyment of plenty察and using such exercises as might improve their bodies察while they made use of other men as their servants for all the necessaries of life察 and had their food prepared for them by the others察and these good and humane actions they do for no other purpose but this察that by their actions and their sufferings they may be able to conquer all those against whom they make war。 I need not add this察that they have not been fully able to observe their laws察for not only a few single persons察but multitudes of them察have in heaps neglected those laws察and have delivered themselves察together with their arms察into the hands of their enemies。 33。 Now as for ourselves察I venture to say that no one can tell of so many察nay察not of more than one or two that have betrayed our laws察no察not out of fear of death itself察I do not mean such an easy death as happens in battles察but that which comes with bodily torments察and seems to be the severest kind of death of all others。 Now I think those that have conquered us have put us to such deaths察not out of their hatred to us when they had subdued us察but rather out of their desire of seeing a surprising sight察which is this察 whether there be such men in the world who believe that no evil is to them so great as to be compelled to do or to speak any thing contrary to their own laws。 Nor ought men to wonder at us察if we are more courageous in dying for our laws than all other men are察for other men do not easily submit to the easier things in which we are instituted察I mean working with our hands察and eating but little察and being contented to eat and drink察not at random察or at every one's pleasure察or being under inviolable rules in lying with our wives察in magnificent furniture察and again in the observation of our times of rest察while those that can use their swords in war察and can put their enemies to flight when they attack them察cannot bear to submit to such laws about their way of living此whereas our being accustomed willingly to submit to laws in these instances察renders us fit to show our fortitude upon other occasions also。 34。 Yet do the Lysimachi and the Molones察and some other writers察。unskillful sophists as they are察and the deceivers of young men撮 reproach us as the vilest of all mankind。 Now I have no mind to make an inquiry into the laws of o