hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第9节
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the great lid of the jar （3） with her hands and scattered all these and her thought caused sorrow and mischief to men。 Only Hope remained there in an unbreakable home within under the rim of the great jar； and did not fly out at the door； for ere that； the lid of the jar stopped her； by the will of Aegis…holding Zeus who gathers the clouds。 But the rest； countless plagues； wander amongst men； for earth is full of evils and the sea is full。 Of themselves diseases come upon men continually by day and by night； bringing mischief to mortals silently； for wise Zeus took away speech from them。 So is there no way to escape the will of Zeus。
（ll。 106…108） Or if you will； I will sum you up another tale well and skilfully and do you lay it up in your heart； how the gods and mortal men sprang from one source。
（ll。 109…120） First of all the deathless gods who dwell on Olympus made a golden race of mortal men who lived in the time of Cronos when he was reigning in heaven。 And they lived like gods without sorrow of heart； remote and free from toil and grief： miserable age rested not on them； but with legs and arms never failing they made merry with feasting beyond the reach of all evils。 When they died； it was as though they were overcome with sleep； and they had all good things； for the fruitful earth unforced bare them fruit abundantly and without stint。 They dwelt in ease and peace upon their lands with many good things； rich in flocks and loved by the blessed gods。
（ll。 121…139） But after earth had covered this generation they are called pure spirits dwelling on the earth； and are kindly； delivering from harm； and guardians of mortal men； for they roam everywhere over the earth； clothed in mist and keep watch on judgements and cruel deeds； givers of wealth； for this royal right also they received； then they who dwell on Olympus made a second generation which was of silver and less noble by far。 It was like the golden race neither in body nor in spirit。 A child was brought up at his good mother's side an hundred years； an utter simpleton； playing childishly in his own home。 But when they were full grown and were come to the full measure of their prime； they lived only a little time in sorrow because of their foolishness； for they could not keep from sinning and from wronging one another； nor would they serve the immortals； nor sacrifice on the holy altars of the blessed ones as it is right for men to do wherever they dwell。 Then Zeus the son of Cronos was angry and put them away； because they would not give honour to the blessed gods who live on Olympus。
（ll。 140…155） But when earth had covered this generation also they are called blessed spirits of the underworld by men； and； though they are of second order； yet honour attends them also Zeus the Father made a third generation of mortal men； a brazen race； sprung from ash…trees （4）； and it was in no way equal to the silver age； but was terrible and strong。 They loved the lamentable works of Ares and deeds of violence； they ate no bread； but were hard of heart like adamant； fearful men。 Great was their strength and unconquerable the arms which grew from their shoulders on their strong limbs。 Their armour was of bronze； and their houses of bronze； and of bronze were their implements： there was no black iron。 These were destroyed by their own hands and passed to the dank house of chill Hades； and left no name： terrible though they were； black Death seized them； and they left the bright light of the sun。
（ll。 156…169b） But when earth had covered this generation also； Zeus the son of Cronos made yet another； the fourth； upon the fruitful earth； which was nobler and more righteous； a god…like race of hero…men who are called demi…gods； the race before our own； throughout the boundless earth。 Grim war and dread battle destroyed a part of them； some in the land of Cadmus at seven… gated Thebe when they fought for the flocks of Oedipus； and some； when it had brought them in ships over the great sea gulf to Troy for rich…haired Helen's sake： there death's end enshrouded a part of them。 But to the others father Zeus the son of Cronos gave a living and an abode apart from men； and made them dwell at the ends of earth。 And they live untouched by sorrow in the islands of the blessed along the shore of deep swirling Ocean； happy heroes for whom the grain…giving earth bears honey…sweet fruit flourishing thrice a year； far from the deathless gods； and Cronos rules over them （5）； for the father of men and gods released him from his bonds。 And these last equally have honour and glory。
（ll。 169c…169d） And again far…seeing Zeus made yet another generation； the fifth； of men who are upon the bounteous earth。
（ll。 170…201） Thereafter； would that I were not among the men of the fifth generation； but either had died before or been born afterwards。 For now truly is a race of iron； and men never rest from labour and sorrow by day； and from perishing by night； and the gods shall lay sore trouble upon them。 But； notwithstanding； even these shall have some good mingled with their evils。 And Zeus will destroy this race of mortal men also when they come to have grey hair on the temples at their birth （6）。 The father will not agree with his children； nor the children with their father； nor guest with his host； nor comrade with comrade； nor will brother be dear to brother as aforetime。 Men will dishonour their parents as they grow quickly old； and will carp at them； chiding them with bitter words； hard…hearted they； not knowing the fear of the gods。 They will not repay their aged parents the cost their nurture； for might shall be their right： and one man will sack another's city。 There will be no favour for the man who keeps his oath or for the just or for the good； but rather men will praise the evil…doer and his violent dealing。 Strength will be right and reverence will cease to be； and the wicked will hurt the worthy man； speaking false words against him； and will swear an oath upon them。 Envy； foul…mouthed； delighting in evil； with scowling face； will go along with wretched men one and all。 And then Aidos and Nemesis （7）； with their sweet forms wrapped in white robes； will go from the wide…pathed earth and forsake mankind to join the company of the deathless gods： and bitter sorrows will be left for mortal men； and there will be no help against evil。
（ll。 202…211） And now I will tell a fable for princes who themselves understand。 Thus said the hawk to the nightingale with speckled neck； while he carried her high up among the clouds； gripped fast in his talons； and she； pierced by his crooked talons； cried pitifully。 To her he spoke disdainfully： ‘Miserable thing； why do you cry out？ One far stronger than you now holds you fast； and you must go wherever I take you； songstress as you are。 And if I please I will make my meal of you； or let you go。 He is a fool who tries to withstand the stronger； for he does not get the mastery and suffers pain besides his shame。' So said the swiftly flying hawk； the long… winged bird。
（ll。 212…224） But you； Perses； listen to right and do not foster violence； for violence is bad for a poor man。 Even the prosperous cannot easily bear its burden； but is weighed down under it when he has fallen into delusion。 The better path is to go by on the other side towards justice； for Justice beats Outrage when she comes at length to the end of the race。 But only when he has suffered does the fool learn this。 For Oath keeps pace with wrong judgements。 There is a noise when Justice is being dragged in the way where those who devour bribes and give sentence with crooked judgements； take her。 And she； wrapped in mist； follows to the city and haunts of the people； weeping； and bringing mischief to men； even to such as have driven her forth in that they did not deal straightly with her。
（ll。 225…237） But they who give straight judgements to strangers and to the men of the land； and go not aside from what is just； their city flourishes； and the people prosper in it： Peace； the nurse of children； is abroad in their land； and all…seeing Zeus never decrees cruel war against them。 Neither famine nor disaster ever haunt men who do true justice； but light…heartedly they tend the fields which are all their care。 The earth bears them victual in plenty； and on the mountains the oak bears acorns upon the top and bees in the midst。 Their woolly sheep are laden with fleeces； their women bear children like their parents。 They flourish continually with good things； and do not travel on ships； for the grain…giving earth bears them fruit。
（ll。 238…247） But for those who practise violence and cruel deeds far…seeing Zeus； the son of Cronos； ordains a punishment。 Often even a whole city suffers for a bad man who sins and devises presumptuous deeds； and the son of Cronos lays great trouble upon the people； famine and plague together； so that the men perish away； and their women do not bear children； and their houses become few； through the contriving of Olympian Zeus。 And again； at another time； the son of Cronos either destroys their wide army； or their walls； or else makes an end of their ships on the sea。
（ll。 248…264） You princes； mark well this
