hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第56节

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　in　the　rich…soiled　valleys；　far　from　the　wave…tossed　deep：　strip　to　sow；　and　strip　to　plough；　and　strip　to　reap　when　all　things　are　in　season。'　（3）

Then　Homer：

‘The　ranks　stood　firm　about　the　two　Aiantes；　such　that　not　even　Ares　would　have　scorned　them　had　he　met　them；　nor　yet　Athena　who　saves　armies。　　For　there　the　chosen　best　awaited　the　charge　of　the　Trojans　and　noble　Hector；　making　a　fence　of　spears　and　serried　shields。　　Shield　closed　with　shield；　and　helm　with　helm；　and　each　man　with　his　fellow；　and　the　peaks　of　their　head…pieces　with　crests　of　horse…hair　touched　as　they　bent　their　heads：　so　close　they　stood　together。　　The　murderous　battle　bristled　with　the　long；　flesh…rending　spears　they　held；　and　the　flash　of　bronze　from　polished　helms　and　new…burnished　breast…plates　and　gleaming　shields　blinded　the　eyes。　　Very　hard　of　heart　would　he　have　been；　who　could　then　have　seen　that　strife　with　joy　and　felt　no　pang。'　（4）

Here；　again；　the　Hellenes　applauded　Homer　admiringly；　so　far　did　the　verses　exceed　the　ordinary　level；　and　demanded　that　he　should　be　adjudged　the　winner。　　But　the　king　gave　the　crown　to　Hesiod；　declaring　that　it　was　right　that　he　who　called　upon　men　to　follow　peace　and　husbandry　should　have　the　prize　rather　than　one　who　dwelt　on　war　and　slaughter。　　In　this　way；　then；　we　are　told；　Hesiod　gained　the　victory　and　received　a　brazen　tripod　which　he　dedicated　to　the　Muses　with　this　inscription：

‘Hesiod　dedicated　this　tripod　to　the　Muses　of　Helicon　after　he　had　conquered　divine　Homer　at　Chalcis　in　a　contest　of　song。'

After　the　gathering　was　dispersed；　Hesiod　crossed　to　the　mainland　and　went　to　Delphi　to　consult　the　oracle　and　to　dedicate　the　first　fruits　of　his　victory　to　the　god。　　They　say　that　as　he　was　approaching　the　temple；　the　prophetess　became　inspired　and　said：

‘Blessed　is　this　man　who　serves　my　house；　　Hesiod；　who　is　honoured　by　the　deathless　Muses：　surely　his　renown　shall　be　as　wide　as　the　light　of　dawn　is　spread。　　But　beware　of　the　pleasant　grove　of　Nemean　Zeus；　for　there　death's　end　is　destined　to　befall　you。'

When　Hesiod　heard　this　oracle；　he　kept　away　from　the　Peloponnesus；　supposing　that　the　god　meant　the　Nemea　there；　and　coming　to　Oenoe　in　Locris；　he　stayed　with　Amphiphanes　and　Ganyetor　the　sons　of　Phegeus；　thus　unconsciously　fulfilling　the　oracle；　for　all　that　region　was　called　the　sacred　place　of　Nemean　Zeus。　　He　continued　to　stay　a　somewhat　long　time　at　Oenoe；　until　the　young　men；　suspecting　Hesiod　of　seducing　their　sister；　killed　him　and　cast　his　body　into　the　sea　which　separates　Achaea　and　Locris。　　On　the　third　day；　however；　his　body　was　brought　to　land　by　dolphins　while　some　local　feast　of　Ariadne　was　being　held。　　Thereupon；　all　the　people　hurried　to　the　shore；　and　recognized　the　body；　lamented　over　it　and　buried　it；　and　then　began　to　look　for　the　assassins。　　But　these；　fearing　the　anger　of　their　countrymen；　launched　a　fishing　boat；　and　put　out　to　sea　for　Crete：　they　had　finished　half　their　voyage　when　Zeus　sank　them　with　a　thunderbolt；　as　Alcidamas　states　in　his　〃Museum〃。　　Eratosthenes；　however；　says　in　his　〃Hesiod〃　that　Ctimenus　and　Antiphus；　sons　of　Ganyetor；　killed　him　for　the　reason　already　stated；　and　were　sacrificed　by　Eurycles　the　seer　to　the　gods　of　hospitality。　　He　adds　that　the　girl；　sister　of　the　above…named；　hanged　herself　after　she　had　been　seduced；　and　that　she　was　seduced　by　some　stranger；　Demodes　by　name；　who　was　travelling　with　Hesiod；　and　who　was　also　killed　by　the　brothers。　　At　a　later　time　the　men　of　Orchomenus　removed　his　body　as　they　were　directed　by　an　oracle；　and　buried　him　in　their　own　country　where　they　placed　this　inscription　on　his　tomb：

‘Ascra　with　its　many　cornfields　was　his　native　land；　but　in　death　the　land　of　the　horse…driving　Minyans　holds　the　bones　of　Hesiod；　whose　renown　is　greatest　among　men　of　all　who　are　judged　by　the　test　of　wit。'

So　much　for　Hesiod。　　But　Homer；　after　losing　the　victory；　went　from　place　to　place　reciting　his　poems；　and　first　of　all　the　〃Thebais〃　in　seven　thousand　verses　which　begins：　‘Goddess；　sing　of　parched　Argos　whence　kings。。。'；　and　then　the　〃Epigoni〃　in　seven　thousand　verses　beginning：　‘And　now；　Muses；　let　us　begin　to　sing　of　men　of　later　days'；　for　some　say　that　these　poems　also　are　by　Homer。　　Now　Xanthus　and　Gorgus；　son　of　Midas　the　king；　heard　his　epics　and　invited　him　to　compose　a　epitaph　for　the　tomb　of　their　father　on　which　was　a　bronze　figure　of　a　maiden　bewailing　the　death　of　Midas。　　He　wrote　the　following　lines：　

‘I　am　a　maiden　of　bronze　and　sit　upon　the　tomb　of　Midas。　　While　water　flows；　and　tall　trees　put　forth　leaves；　and　rivers　swell；　and　the　sea　breaks　on　the　shore；　while　the　sun　rises　and　shines　and　the　bright　moon　also；　ever　remaining　on　this　mournful　tomb　I　tell　the　passer…by　that　Midas　here　lies　buried。'

For　these　verses　they　gave　him　a　silver　bowl　which　he　dedicated　to　Apollo　at　Delphi　with　this　inscription：　‘Lord　Phoebus；　I；　Homer；　have　given　you　a　noble　gift　for　the　wisdom　I　have　of　you：　do　you　ever　grant　me　renown。'

After　this　he　composed　the　〃Odyssey〃　in　twelve　thousand　verses；　having　previously　written　the　〃Iliad〃　in　fifteen　thousand　five　hundred　verses　（5）。　　From　Delphi；　as　we　are　told；　he　went　to　Athens　and　was　entertained　by　Medon；　king　of　the　Athenians。　　And　being　one　day　in　the　council　hall　when　it　was　cold　and　a　fire　was　burning　there；　he　drew　off　the　following　lines：

‘Children　are　a　man's　crown；　and　towers　of　a　city；　horses　are　the　ornament　of　a　plain；　and　ships　of　the　sea；　and　good　it　is　to　see　a　people　seated　in　assembly。　　But　with　a　blazing　fire　a　house　looks　worthier　upon　a　wintry　day　when　the　Son　of　Cronos　sends　down　snow。'

From　Athens　he　went　on　to　Corinth；　where　he　sang　snatches　of　his　poems　and　was　received　with　distinction。　　Next　he　went　to　Argos　and　there　recited　these　verses　from　the　〃Iliad〃：

‘The　sons　of　the　Achaeans　who　held　Argos　and　walled　Tiryns；　and　Hermione　and　Asine　which　lie　along　a　deep　bay；　and　Troezen；　and　Eiones；　and　vine…clad　Epidaurus；　and　the　island　of　Aegina；　and　Mases；　　these　followed　strong…voiced　Diomedes；　son　of　Tydeus；　who　had　the　spirit　of　his　father　the　son　of　Oeneus；　and　Sthenelus；　dear　son　of　famous　Capaneus。　　And　with　these　two　there　went　a　third　leader；　Eurypylus；　a　godlike　man；　son　of　the　lord　Mecisteus；　sprung　of　Talaus；　but　strong…voiced　Diomedes　was　their　chief　leader。　　These　men　had　eighty　dark　ships　wherein　were　ranged　men　skilled　in　war；　Argives　with　linen　jerkins；　very　goads　of　war。'　（6）

This　praise　of　their　race　by　the　most　famous　of　all　poets　so　exceedingly　delighted　the　leading　Argives；　that　they　rewarded　him　with　costly　gifts　and　set　up　a　brazen　statue　to　him；　decreeing　that　sacrifice　should　be　offered　to　Homer　daily；　monthly；　and　yearly；　and　that　another　sacrifice　should　be　sent　to　Chios　every　five　years。　　This　is　the　inscription　they　cut　upon　his　statue：

‘This　is　divine　Homer　who　by　his　sweet…voiced　art　honoured　all　proud　Hellas；　but　especially　the　Argives　who　threw　down　the　god…　built　walls　of　Troy　to　avenge　rich…haired　Helen。　　For　this　cause　the　people　of　a　great　city　set　his　statue　here　and　serve　him　with　the　honours　of　the　deathless　gods。'

After　he　had　stayed　for　some　time　in　Argos；　he　crossed　over　to　Delos；　to　the　great　assembly；　and　there；　standing　on　the　altar　of　horns；　he　recited　the　〃Hymn　to　Apollo〃　（7）　which　begins：　‘I　will　remember　and　not　forget　Apollo　the　far…shooter。'　　When　the　hymn　was　ended；　the　Ionians　made　him　a　citizen　of　each　one　of　their　states；　and　the　Delians　wrote　the　poem　on　a　whitened　tablet　and　dedicated　it　in　the　temple　of　Artemis。　　The　poet　sailed　to　Ios；　after　the　assembly　was　broken　up；　to　join　Creophylus；　and　stayed　there　some　time；　being　now　an　old　man。　　And；　it　is　said；　as　he　was　sitting　by　the　sea　he　asked　some　boys　who　were　returning　from　fishing：

‘Sirs；　hunters　of　deep…sea　prey；　have　we　caught　anything？'

To　this　replied：

‘All　that　we　caught；　we　left　behind；　and　carry　away　all　that　we　did　not　catch。'

Homer　did　not　understand　this　reply　and　asked　what　they　meant。　　They　then　explained　that　they　had　caught　nothing　in　fishing；　but　had　been　catching　their　lice；　and　those　of　the　lice　which　they　caught；　they　left　behind；　but　carried　away　in　their　clothes　those　which　they　did　not　catch。　　Hereupon　Homer　remembered　the　oracle　and；　perceiving　that　the　end　of　his　life　had　come　composed　his　own　epitaph。　　And　while　he　was　retiring　from　that　place；　he　slipped　in　a　clayey　place　and　fell　upon　his　side；　and　died；　it　is　said；　the　third　day　after。　　He　was　buried　in　Ios；　and　this　is　his　epitaph：

‘Here　the　earth　covers　the　sacred　head　of　divine　Homer；　the　glorifier　of　hero…men。'


ENDNOTES：

（1）　　sc。　the　riddle　of　the　fisher…boys　which　comes　at　the　end　of　　　　　　this　work。　（2）　　The　verses　of　Hesiod　are　called　doubtful　in　meaning　because　　　　　　they　are；　if　taken　alone；　either　incomplete　or　absurd。　（3）　　〃Works　and　Days〃；　ll。　383…392。　（4）　　〃Iliad〃　xiii；　ll。　126…133；　339…344。　（5）　　The　accepted　text　of　the　〃Iliad〃　contains　15；693　verses；　　　　　　that　of　the　〃Odyssey〃；　12；110。　（6）　　〃Iliad〃　ii；　ll。　559…568　（with　two　additional　verses）。　（7）　　〃Homeric　Hymns〃；　iii。






End