hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第27节
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certainly Apollo was introduced； though for what purpose is not clear。 With l。 31 the destruction of man （cp。 ll。 4…5） by storms which spoil his crops begins： the remaining verses are parenthetical； describing the snake ‘which bears its young in the spring season'。 （46） i。e。 the snake； as in 〃Works and Days〃 l。 524； the 〃Boneless One〃 is the cuttle…fish。 （47） c。 1110…1180 A。D。 His chief work was a poem； 〃Chiliades〃； in accentual verse of nearly 13；000 lines。 （48） According to this account Iphigeneia was carried by Artemis to the Taurie Chersonnese （the Crimea）。 The Tauri （Herodotus iv。 103） identified their maiden…goddess with Iphigeneia； but Euripides （〃Iphigeneia in Tauris〃） makes her merely priestess of the goddess。 （49） Of Alexandria。 He lived in the 5th century； and compiled a Greek Lexicon。 （50） For his murder Minos exacted a yearly tribute of boys and girls； to be devoured by the Minotaur； from the Athenians。 （51） Of Naucratis。 His 〃Deipnosophistae〃 （〃Dons at Dinner〃） is an encyclopaedia of miscellaneous topics in the form of a dialogue。 His date is c。 230 A。D。 （52） There is a fancied connection between LAAS （‘stone'） and LAOS （‘people'）。 The reference is to the stones which Deucalion and Pyrrha transformed into men and women after the Flood。 （53） Eustathius identifies Ileus with Oileus； father of Aias。 Here again is fanciful etymology； ILEUS being similar to ILEOS （complaisant； gracious）。 （54） Imitated by Vergil； 〃Aeneid〃 vii。 808； describing Camilla。 （55） c。 600 A。D。； a lecturer and grammarian of Constantinople。 （56） Priest of Apollo； and； according to Homer； discoverer of wine。 Maronea in Thrace is said to have been called after him。 （57） The crow was originally white； but was turned black by Apollo in his anger at the news brought by the bird。 （58） A philosopher of Athens under Hadrian and Antonius。 He became a Christian and wrote a defence of the Christians addressed to Antoninus Pius。 （59） Zeus slew Asclepus （fr。 90） because of his success as a healer； and Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes （fr。 64）。 In punishment Apollo was forced to serve Admetus as herdsman。 （Cp。 Euripides； 〃Alcestis〃； 1…8） （60） For Cyrene and Aristaeus； cp。 Vergil； 〃Georgics〃； iv。 315 ff。 （61） A writer on mythology of uncertain date。 （62） In Epirus。 The oracle was first consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha after the Flood。 Later writers say that the god responded in the rustling of leaves in the oaks for which the place was famous。 （63） The fragment is part of a leaf from a papyrus book of the 4th century A。D。 （64） According to Homer and later writers Meleager wasted away when his mother Althea burned the brand on which his life depended； because he had slain her brothers in the dispute for the hide of the Calydonian boar。 （Cp。 Bacchylides； 〃Ode〃 v。 136 ff。） （65） The fragment probably belongs to the 〃Catalogues〃 proper rather than to the Eoiae； but； as its position is uncertain； it may conveniently be associated with Frags。 99A and the 〃Shield of Heracles〃。 （66） Most of the smaller restorations appear in the original publication； but the larger are new： these last are highly conjectual； there being no definite clue to the general sense。 （67） Alcmaon （who took part in the second of the two heroic Theban expeditions） is perhaps mentioned only incidentally as the son of Amphiaraus； who seems to be clearly indicated in ll。 7…8； and whose story occupies ll。 5…10。 At l。 11 the subject changes and Electryon is introduced as father of Alcmena。 （68） The association of ll。 1…16 with ll。 17…24 is presumed from the apparent mention of Erichthonius in l。 19。 A new section must then begin at l。 21。 See 〃Ox。 Pap。〃 pt。 xi。 p。 55 （and for restoration of ll。 5…16； ib。 p。 53）。 ll。 19…20 are restored by the Translator。
THE SHIELD OF HERACLES （480 lines）
（ll。 1…27） Or like here who left home and country and came to Thebes； following warlike Amphitryon； even Alemena； the daughter of Electyron； gatherer of the people。 She surpassed the tribe of womankind in beauty and in height； and in wisdom none vied with her of those whom mortal women bare of union with mortal men。 Her face and her dark eyes wafted such charm as comes from golden Aphrodite。 And she so honoured her husband in her heart as none of womankind did before her。 Verily he had slain her noble father violently when he was angry about oxen； so he left his own country and came to Thebes and was suppliant to the shield…carrying men of Cadmus。 There he dwelt with his modest wife without the joys of love； nor might he go in unto the neat…ankled daughter of Electyron until he had avenged the death of his wife's great…hearted brothers and utterly burned with blazing fire the villages of the heroes； the Taphians and Teleboans； for this thing was laid upon him； and the gods were witnesses to it。 And he feared their anger； and hastened to perform the great task to which Zeus had bound him。 With him went the horse…driving Boeotians； breathing above their shields； and the Locrians who fight hand to hand； and the gallant Phocians eager for war and battle。 And the noble son of Alcaeus led them； rejoicing in his host。
（ll。 27…55） But the father of men and gods was forming another scheme in his heart； to beget one to defend against destruction gods and men who eat bread。 So he arose from Olympus by night pondering guile in the deep of his heart； and yearned for the love of the well…girded woman。 Quickly he came to Typhaonium； and from there again wise Zeus went on and trod the highest peak of Phicium （1）： there he sat and planned marvellous things in his heart。 So in one night Zeus shared the bed and love of the neat… ankled daughter of Electyron and fulfilled his desire； and in the same night Amphitryon； gatherer of the people； the glorious hero； came to his house when he had ended his great task。 He hastened not to go to his bondmen and shepherds afield； but first went in unto his wife： such desire took hold on the shepherd of the people。 And as a man who has escaped joyfully from misery； whether of sore disease or cruel bondage； so then did Amphitryon； when he had wound up all his heavy task； come glad and welcome to his home。 And all night long he lay with his modest wife； delighting in the gifts of golden Aphrodite。 And she； being subject in love to a god and to a man exceeding goodly； brought forth twin sons in seven…gated Thebe。 Though they were brothers； these were not of one spirit； for one was weaker but the other a far better man； one terrible and strong； the mighty Heracles。 Him she bare through the embrace of the son of Cronos lord of dark clouds and the other； Iphicles； of Amphitryon the spear… wielder offspring distinct； this one of union with a mortal man； but that other of union with Zeus； leader of all the gods。
（ll。 57…77） And he slew Cycnus； the gallant son of Ares。 For he found him in the close of far…shooting Apollo； him and his father Ares； never sated with war。 Their armour shone like a flame of blazing fire as they two stood in their car： their swift horses struck the earth and pawed it with their hoofs； and the dust rose like smoke about them； pounded by the chariot wheels and the horses' hoofs； while the well…made chariot and its rails rattled around them as the horses plunged。 And blameless Cycnus was glad； for he looked to slay the warlike son of Zeus and his charioteer with the sword； and to strip off their splendid armour。 But Phoebus Apollo would not listen to his vaunts； for he himself had stirred up mighty Heracles against him。 And all the grove and altar of Pagasaean Apollo flamed because of the dread god and because of his arms； for his eyes flashed as with fire。 What mortal men would have dared to meet him face to face save Heracles and glorious Iolaus？ For great was their strength and unconquerable were the arms which grew from their shoulders on their strong limbs。 Then Heracles spake to his charioteer strong Iolaus：
（ll。 78…94） ‘O hero Iolaus； best beloved of all men； truly Amphitryon sinned deeply against the blessed gods who dwell on Olympus when he came to sweet…crowned Thebe and left Tiryns； the well…built citadel； because he slew Electryon for the sake of his wide…browned oxen。 Then he came to Creon and long…robed Eniocha； who received him kindly and gave him all fitting things； as is due to suppliants； and honoured him in their hearts even more。 And he lived joyfully with his wife the neat…ankled daughter of Electyron： and presently； while the years rolled on； we were born； unlike in body as in mind； even your father and I。 From him Zeus took away sense； so that he left his home and his parents and went to do honour to the wicked Eurystheus unhappy man！ Deeply indeed did he grieve afterwards in bearing the burden of his own mad folly； but that cannot be taken back。 But on me fate laid heavy tasks。
（ll。 95…101） ‘Yet； come； friend； quickly take the red…dyed reins of the swift horses and raise high courage in your heart and guide the swift chariot and strong fleet…fo
