hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第14节

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Proclus　on　Works　and　Days；　828：　Some　make　the　〃Divination　by　Birds〃；　which　Apollonius　of　Rhodes　rejects　as　spurious；　follow　this　verse　（〃Works　and　Days〃；　828）。



THE　ASTRONOMY　（fragments）

Fragment　#1　　Athenaeus　xi；　p。　491　d：　And　the　author　of　〃The　Astronomy〃；　which　is　attributed　forsooth　to　Hesiod；　always　calls　them　（the　Pleiades）　Peleiades：　‘but　mortals　call　them　Peleiades'；　and　again；　‘the　stormy　Peleiades　go　down'；　and　again；　‘then　the　Peleiades　hide　away。。。。'

Scholiast　on　Pindar；　Nem。　ii。　16：　The　Pleiades。。。。　whose　stars　are　these：　　‘Lovely　Teygata；　and　dark…faced　Electra；　and　Alcyone；　and　bright　Asterope；　and　Celaeno；　and　Maia；　and　Merope；　whom　glorious　Atlas　begot。。。。'　（（LACUNA））　‘In　the　mountains　of　Cyllene　she　（Maia）　bare　Hermes；　the　herald　of　the　gods。'


Fragment　#2　　Scholiast　on　Aratus　254：　But　Zeus　made　them　（the　sisters　of　Hyas）　into　the　stars　which　are　called　Hyades。　　Hesiod　in　his　Book　about　Stars　tells　us　their　names　as　follows：　‘Nymphs　like　the　Graces　（1）；　Phaesyle　and　Coronis　and　rich…crowned　Cleeia　and　lovely　Phaco　and　long…robed　Eudora；　whom　the　tribes　of　men　upon　the　earth　call　Hyades。'


Fragment　#3　　Pseudo…Eratosthenes　Catast。　frag。　1：　（2）　The　Great　Bear。＇　　Hesiod　says　she　（Callisto）　was　the　daughter　of　Lycaon　and　lived　in　Arcadia。　　She　chose　to　occupy　herself　with　wild…beasts　in　the　mountains　together　with　Artemis；　and；　when　she　was　seduced　by　Zeus；　continued　some　time　undetected　by　the　goddess；　but　afterwards；　when　she　was　already　with　child；　was　seen　by　her　bathing　and　so　discovered。　　Upon　this；　the　goddess　was　enraged　and　changed　her　into　a　beast。　　Thus　she　became　a　bear　and　gave　birth　to　a　son　called　Arcas。　　But　while　she　was　in　the　mountains；　she　was　hunted　by　some　goat…herds　and　given　up　with　her　babe　to　Lycaon。　　Some　while　after；　she　thought　fit　to　go　into　the　forbidden　precinct　of　Zeus；　not　knowing　the　law；　and　being　pursued　by　her　own　son　and　the　Arcadians；　was　about　to　be　killed　because　of　the　said　law；　but　Zeus　delivered　her　because　of　her　connection　with　him　and　put　her　among　the　stars；　giving　her　the　name　Bear　because　of　the　misfortune　which　had　befallen　her。

Comm。　Supplem。　on　Aratus；　p。　547　M。　8：　Of　Bootes；　also　called　the　Bear…warden。　　The　story　goes　that　he　is　Arcas　the　son　of　Callisto　and　Zeus；　and　he　lived　in　the　country　about　Lycaeum。　　After　Zeus　had　seduced　Callisto；　Lycaon；　pretending　not　to　know　of　the　matter；　entertained　Zeus；　as　Hesiod　says；　and　set　before　him　on　the　table　the　babe　which　he　had　cut　up。


Fragment　#4　　Pseudo…Eratosthenes；　Catast。　fr。　xxxii：　Orion。＇　　Hesiod　says　that　he　was　the　son　of　Euryale；　the　daughter　of　Minos；　and　of　Poseidon；　and　that　there　was　given　him　as　a　gift　the　power　of　walking　upon　the　waves　as　though　upon　land。　　When　he　was　come　to　Chios；　be　outraged　Merope；　the　daughter　of　Oenopion；　being　drunken；　but　Oenopion　when　he　learned　of　it　was　greatly　vexed　at　the　outrage　and　blinded　him　and　cast　him　out　of　the　country。　　Then　he　came　to　Lemnos　as　a　beggar　and　there　met　Hephaestus　who　took　pity　on　him　and　gave　him　Cedalion　his　own　servant　to　guide　him。　　So　Orion　took　Cedalion　upon　his　shoulders　and　used　to　carry　him　about　while　he　pointed　out　the　roads。　　Then　he　came　to　the　east　and　appears　to　have　met　Helius　（the　Sun）　and　to　have　been　healed；　and　so　returned　back　again　to　Oenopion　to　punish　him；　but　Oenopion　was　hidden　away　by　his　people　underground。　　Being　disappointed；　then；　in　his　search　for　the　king；　Orion　went　away　to　Crete　and　spent　his　time　hunting　in　company　with　Artemis　and　Leto。　　It　seems　that　he　threatened　to　kill　every　beast　there　was　on　earth；　whereupon；　in　her　anger；　Earth　sent　up　against　him　a　scorpion　of　very　great　size　by　which　he　was　stung　and　so　perished。　　After　this　Zeus；　at　one　prayer　of　Artemis　and　Leto；　put　him　among　the　stars；　because　of　his　manliness；　and　the　scorpion　also　as　a　memorial　of　him　and　of　what　had　occurred。


Fragment　#5　　Diodorus　iv。　85：　Some　say　that　great　earthquakes　occurred；　which　broke　through　the　neck　of　land　and　formed　the　straits　（3）；　the　sea　parting　the　mainland　from　the　island。　　But　Hesiod；　the　poet；　says　just　the　opposite：　that　the　sea　was　open；　but　Orion　piled　up　the　promontory　by　Peloris；　and　founded　the　close　of　Poseidon　which　is　especially　esteemed　by　the　people　thereabouts。　　When　he　had　finished　this；　he　went　away　to　Euboea　and　settled　there；　and　because　of　his　renown　was　taken　into　the　number　of　the　stars　in　heaven；　and　won　undying　remembrance。


ENDNOTES：

（1）　　This　halt　verse　is　added　by　the　Scholiast　on　Aratus；　172。　（2）　　The　〃Catasterismi〃　（〃Placings　among　the　Stars〃）　is　a　　　　　　collection　of　legends　relating　to　the　various　　　　　　constellations。　（3）　　The　Straits　of　Messina。



THE　PRECEPTS　OF　CHIRON　（fragments）

Fragment　#1　　Scholiast　on　Pindar；　Pyth。　vi。　19：　‘And　now；　pray；　mark　all　these　things　well　in　a　wise　heart。　　First；　whenever　you　come　to　your　house；　offer　good　sacrifices　to　the　eternal　gods。'


Fragment　#2　　Plutarch　Mor。　1034　E：　‘Decide　no　suit　until　you　have　heard　both　sides　speak。'


Fragment　#3　　Plutarch　de　Orac。　defectu　ii。　415　C：　‘A　chattering　crow　lives　out　nine　generations　of　aged　men；　but　a　stag's　life　is　four　times　a　crow's；　and　a　raven's　life　makes　three　stags　old；　while　the　phoenix　outlives　nine　ravens；　but　we；　the　rich…haired　Nymphs；　daughters　of　Zeus　the　aegis…holder；　outlive　ten　phoenixes。'


Fragment　#4　　Quintilian；　i。　15：　Some　consider　that　children　under　the　age　of　seven　should　not　receive　a　literary　education。。。　　That　Hesiod　was　of　this　opinion　very　many　writers　affirm　who　were　earlier　than　the　critic　Aristophanes；　for　he　was　the　first　to　reject　the　〃Precepts〃；　in　which　book　this　maxim　occurs；　as　a　work　of　that　poet。



THE　GREAT　WORKS　（fragments）

Fragment　#1　　Comm。　on　Aristotle；　Nicomachean　Ethics。　v。　8：　The　verse；　however　（the　slaying　of　Rhadamanthys）；　is　in　Hesiod　in　the　〃Great　Works〃　and　is　as　follows：　‘If　a　man　sow　evil；　he　shall　reap　evil　increase；　if　men　do　to　him　as　he　has　done；　it　will　be　true　justice。'


Fragment　#2　　Proclus　on　Hesiod；　Works　and　Days；　126：　Some　believe　that　the　Silver　Race　（is　to　be　attributed　to）　the　earth；　declaring　that　in　the　〃Great　Works〃　Hesiod　makes　silver　to　be　of　the　family　of　Earth。



THE　IDAEAN　DACTYLS　（fragments）

Fragment　#1　　Pliny；　Natural　History　vii。　56；　197：　Hesiod　says　that　those　who　are　called　the　Idaean　Dactyls　taught　the　smelting　and　tempering　of　iron　in　Crete。


Fragment　#2　　Clement；　Stromateis　i。　16。　75：　Celmis；　again；　and　Damnameneus；　the　first　of　the　Idaean　Dactyls；　discovered　iron　in　Cyprus；　but　bronze　smelting　was　discovered　by　Delas；　another　Idaean；　though　Hesiod　calls　him　Scythes　（1）。


ENDNOTES：

（1）　　Or　perhaps　‘a　Scythian'。



THE　THEOGONY　（1；041　lines）

（ll。　1…25）　From　the　Heliconian　Muses　let　us　begin　to　sing；　who　hold　the　great　and　holy　mount　of　Helicon；　and　dance　on　soft　feet　about　the　deep…blue　spring　and　the　altar　of　the　almighty　son　of　Cronos；　and；　when　they　have　washed　their　tender　bodies　in　Permessus　or　in　the　Horse's　Spring　or　Olmeius；　make　their　fair；　lovely　dances　upon　highest　Helicon　and　move　with　vigorous　feet。　　Thence　they　arise　and　go　abroad　by　night；　veiled　in　thick　mist；　and　utter　their　song　with　lovely　voice；　praising　Zeus　the　aegis…　holder　and　queenly　Hera　of　Argos　who　walks　on　golden　sandals　and　the　daughter　of　Zeus　the　aegis…holder　bright…eyed　Athene；　and　Phoebus　Apollo；　and　Artemis　who　delights　in　arrows；　and　Poseidon　the　earth…holder　who　shakes　the　earth；　and　reverend　Themis　and　quick…glancing　（1）　Aphrodite；　and　Hebe　with　the　crown　of　gold；　and　fair　Dione；　Leto；　Iapetus；　and　Cronos　the　crafty　counsellor；　Eos　and　great　Helius　and　bright　Selene；　Earth　too；　and　great　Oceanus；　and　dark　Night；　and　the　holy　race　of　all　the　other　deathless　ones　that　are　for　ever。　　And　one　day　they　taught　Hesiod　glorious　song　while　he　was　shepherding　his　lambs　under　holy　Helicon；　and　this　word　first　the　goddesses　said　to　me　　the　Muses　of　Olympus；　daughters　of　Zeus　who　holds　the　aegis：

（ll。　26…28）　‘Shepherds　of　the　wilderness；　wretched　things　of　shame；　mere　bellies；　we　know　how　to　speak　many　false　things　as　though　they　were　true；　but　we　know；　when　we　will；　to　utter　true　things。'

（ll。　29…35）　So　said　the　ready…voiced　daughters　of　great　Zeus；　and　they　plucked　and　gave　me　a　rod；　a　shoot　of　sturdy　laurel；　a　marvellous　thing；　and　breathed　into　me　a　divine　voice　to　celebrate　things　that　shall　be　and　things　there　were　aforetime；　and　they　bade　me　sing　of　the　race　of　the　blessed　gods　that　are　eternally；　but　ever　to　sing　of　themselves　both　first　and　last。　　But　why　all　this　about　oak　or　stone？　（2）

（ll。　36…52）　Come　thou；　let　us　begin　with　the　Muses　who　gladden　the　great　spirit　of　their　father　Zeus　in　Olympus　with　their　songs；　telling　of　things　that　are　and　that　shall　be　and　that　were　aforetime　with　consenting　voice。　　Unwearying　flows　the　sweet　sound　from　their　lips；　and　the　house　of　their　father　Zeus　the　loud…thunderer　is　glad　at　the　lily…like　voice　of　the　goddesses　as　it　spread　abroad；　and　the　peaks　of　snowy　Olympus　resound；　and　the　homes　of　the　immortals。　　And　they　uttering　their　immortal　voice；　celebrate　in　song　first　of　all　the　reverend　race　of　the　gods　from　the　beginning；　those　whom　Earth　and　wide　Heaven　begot；　and　the　gods　sprung　of　these；　givers　of　g