the fathers of the constitution-第28节

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nited　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　legislatures　of　those　districts；　or　new　States；　shall　never　interfere　with　the　primary　disposal　of　the　soil　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　nor　with　any　regulations　Congress　may　find　necessary　for　securing　the　title　in　such　soil　to　the　bona…fide　purchasers。　No　tax　shall　be　imposed　on　lands　the　property　of　the　United　States；　and　in　no　case　shall　non…resident　proprietors　be　taxed　higher　than　residents。　The　navigable　waters　leading　into　the　Mississippi　and　Saint　Lawrence；　and　the　carrying　places　between　the　same；　shall　be　common　highways；　and　forever　free；　as　well　to　the　inhabitants　of　the　said　territory　as　to　the　citizens　of　the　United　States；　and　those　of　any　other　States　that　may　be　admitted　into　the　confederacy；　without　any　tax；　impost；　or　duty　therefor。　ARTICLE　V。　There　shall　be　formed　in　the　said　territory　not　less　than　three　nor　more　than　five　States；　and　the　boundaries　of　the　States；　as　soon　as　Virginia　shall　alter　her　act　of　cession　and　consent　to　the　same；　shall　become　fixed　and　established　as　follows；　to　wit：　The　western　State；　in　the　said　territory；　shall　be　bounded　by　the　Mississippi；　the　Ohio；　and　the　Wabash　Rivers；　a　direct　line　drawn　from　the　Wabash　and　Post　Vincents；　due　north；　to　the　territorial　line　between　the　United　States　and　Canada；　and　by　the　said　territorial　line　to　the　Lake　of　the　Woods　and　Mississippi。　The　middle　State　shall　be　bounded　by　the　said　direct　line；　the　Wabash　from　Post　Vincents　to　the　Ohio；　by　the　Ohio；　by　a　direct　line　drawn　due　north　from　the　mouth　of　the　Great　Miami　to　the　said　territorial　line；　and　by　the　said　territorial　line。　The　eastern　State　shall　be　bounded　by　the　last…mentioned　direct　line；　the　Ohio；　Pennsylvania；　and　the　said　territorial　line：　Provided；　however；　And　it　is　further　understood　and　declared；　that　the　boundaries　of　these　three　States　shall　be　subject　so　far　to　be　altered；　that；　if　Congress　shall　hereafter　find　it　expedient；　they　shall　have　authority　to　form　one　or　two　States　in　that　part　of　the　said　territory　which　lies　north　of　an　east　and　west　line　drawn　through　the　southerly　bend　or　extreme　of　Lake　Michigan。　And　whenever　any　of　the　said　States　shall　have　sixty　thousand　free　inhabitants　therein；　such　State　shall　be　admitted；　by　its　delegates；　into　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　on　an　equal　footing　with　the　original　States；　in　all　respects　whatever；　and　shall　be　at　liberty　to　form　a　permanent　constitution　and　State　government：　Provided；　The　constitution　and　government；　so　to　be　formed；　shall　be　republican；　and　in　conformity　to　the　principles　contained　in　these　articles；　and；　so　far　as　it　can　be　consistent　with　the　general　interest　of　the　confederacy；　such　admission　shall　be　allowed　at　an　earlier　period；　and　when　there　may　be　a　less　number　of　free　inhabitants　in　the　State　than　sixty　thousand。　ARTICLE　VI。　There　shall　be　neither　slavery　nor　involuntary　servitude　in　the　said　territory；　otherwise　than　in　the　punishment　of　crimes；　whereof　the　party　shall　have　been　duly　convicted：　Provided　always；　That　any　person　escaping　into　the　same；　from　whom　labor　or　service　is　lawfully　claimed　in　any　one　of　the　original　States；　such　fugitive　may　be　lawfully　reclaimed；　and　conveyed　to　the　person　claiming　his　or　her　labor　or　service　as　aforesaid。　Be　it　ordained　by　the　authority　aforesaid；　That　the　resolutions　of　the　23d　of　April；　1784；　relative　to　the　subject　of　this　ordinance；　be；　and　the　same　are　hereby；　repealed；　and　declared　null　and　void。　Done　by　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　the　13th　day　of　July；　in　the　year　of　our　Lord　1787；　and　of　their　sovereignty　and　independence　the　twelfth。　CONSTITUTION　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES　　1787。　WE　THE　PEOPLE　Of　the　United　States；　in　Order　to　form　a　more　perfect　Union；　establish　Justice；　insure　domestic　Tranquility；　provide　for　the　common　defence；　promote　the　general　Welfare；　and　secure　the　Blessings　of　Liberty　to　ourselves　and　our　Posterity；　do　ordain　and　establish　this　CONSTITUTION　for　the　United　States　of　America。　ARTICLE　I。　SECTION。　1。　All　legislative　Powers　herein　granted　shall　be　vested　in　a　Congress　of　the　United　States；　which　shall　consist　of　a　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives。　SECTION。　2。　1。The　House　of　Representatives　shall　be　composed　of　Members　chosen　every　second　Year　by　the　People　of　the　several　States；　and　the　Electors　in　each　State　shall　have　the　Qualifications　requisite　for　Electors　of　the　most　numerous　Branch　of　the　State　Legislature。　2。　No　Person　shall　be　a　Representative　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　twenty…five　Years；　and　been　seven　Years　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　and　who　shall　not；　when　elected；　be　an　Inhabitant　of　that　State　in　which　he　shall　be　chosen。　3。　＇Representatives　and　direct　Taxes　shall　be　apportioned　among　the　several　States　which　may　be　included　within　this　Union；　according　to　their　respective　Numbers；　which　shall　be　determined　by　adding　to　the　whole　Number　of　free　Persons；　including　those　bound　to　Service　for　a　Term　of　Years；　and　excluding　Indians　not　taxed；　three　fifths　of　all　other　Persons。＇　The　actual　Enumeration　shall　be　made　within　three　Years　after　the　first　Meeting　of　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　and　within　every　subsequent　Term　of　ten　Years；　in　such　Manner　as　they　shall　by　Law　direct。　The　Number　of　Representatives　shall　not　exceed　one　for　every　thirty　Thousand；　but　each　State　shall　have　at　Least　one　Representative；　and　until　such　enumeration　shall　be　made；　the　State　of　New　Hampshire　shall　be　entitled　to　chuse　three；　Massachusetts　eight；　Rhode…Island　and　Providence　Plantations　one；　Connecticut　five；　New　York　six；　New　Jersey　four；　Pennsylvania　eight；　Delaware　one；　Maryland　six；　Virginia　ten；　North　Carolina　five；　South　Carolina　five；　and　Georgia　three。　4。　When　vacancies　happen　in　the　Representation　from　any　State；　the　Executive　Authority　thereof　shall　issue　Writs　of　Election　to　fill　such　Vacancies。　5。　The　House　of　Representatives　shall　chuse　their　Speaker　and　other　Officers；　and　shall　have　the　sole　Power　of　Impeachment。　SECTION。　3。　1。　The　Senate　of　the　United　States　shall　be　composed　of　two　Senators　from　each　State；　chosen　by　the　Legislature　thereof；　for　six　Years；　and　each　Senator　shall　have　one　Vote。　2。　Immediately　after　they　shall　be　assembled　in　Consequence　of　the　first　Election；　they　shall　be　divided　as　equally　as　may　be　into　three　Classes。　The　Seats　of　the　Senators　of　the　first　Class　shall　be　vacated　at　the　Expiration　of　the　second　year；　of　the　second　Class　at　the　Expiration　of　the　fourth　Year；　and　of　the　third　Class　at　the　Expiration　of　the　sixth　Year；　so　that　one…third　may　be　chosen　every　second　Year；　and　if　Vacancies　happen　by　Resignation；　or　otherwise；　during　the　Recess　of　the　Legislature　of　any　State；　the　Executive　thereof　may　make　temporary　Appointments　until　the　next　Meeting　of　the　Legislature；　which　shall　then　fill　such　Vacancies。　3。　No　Person　shall　be　a　Senator　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　thi＇r＇ty　Years；　and　been　nine　Years　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　and　who　shall　not；　when　elected；　be　an　Inhabitant　of　that　State　for　which　he　shall　be　chosen。　4。　The　Vice　President　of　the　United　States　shall　be　President　of　the　Senate；　but　shall　have　no　Vote；　unless　they　be　equally　divided。　5。　The　Senate　shall　chuse　their　other　Officers；　and　also　a　President　pro　tempore；　in　the　Absence　of　the　Vice　President；　or　when　he　shall　exercise　the　Office　of　President　of　the　United　States。　6。　The　Senate　shall　have　the　sole　Power　to　try　all　Impeachments。　When　sitting　for　that　Purpose；　they　shall　be　on　Oath　or　Affirmation。　When　the　President　of　the　United　States　is　tried；　the　Chief　Justice　shall　preside：　And　no　Person　shall　be　convicted　without　the　Concurrence　of　two　thirds　of　the　Members　present。　7。　Judgment　in　Cases　of　Impeachment　shall　not　extend　further　than　to　removal　from　Office；　and　disqualification　to　hold　and　enjoy　any　Office　of　honor；　Trust　or　Profit　under　the　United　States：　but　the　Party　convicted　shall　nevertheless　be　liable　and　subject　to　Indictment；　Trial；　Judgment　and　Punishment；　according　to　Law。　SECTION。　4。　1。　The　Times；　Places　and　Manner　of　holding　Elections　for　Senators　and　Representatives；　shall　be　prescribed　in　each　State　by　the　Legislature　thereof；　but　the　Congress　may　at　any　time　by　Law　make　or　alter　such　Regulations；　except　as　to　the　Places　of　chusing　Senators。　2。　The　Congress　shall　assemble　at　least　once　in　every　Year；　and　such　Meeting　shall　be　on　the　first　Monday　in　December；　unless　they　shall　by　Law　appoint　a　different　Day。　SECTION。　5。　1。　Each　House　shall　be　the　Judge　of　the　Elections；　Returns　and　Qualifications　of　its　own　Members；　and　a　Majority　of　each　shall　constitute　a　Quorum　to　do　Business；　but　a　smaller　Number　may　adjourn　from　day　to　day；　and　may　be　authorized　to　compel　the　Attendance　of　absent　Members；　in　such　Manner；　and　under　such　Penalties　as　each　House　may　provide。　2。　Each　House　may　determine　the　Rules　of　its　Proceedings；　punish　its　Members　for　disorderly　Behavior；　and；　with　the　Concurrence　of　two　thirds；　expel　a　Member。　3。　Each　House　shall　keep　a　Journal　of　its　Proceedings；　and　from　time　to　time　publish　the　same；　excepting　such　Parts　as　may　in　their　Judgment　require　Secrecy；　and　the　Yeas　and　Nays　of　the　Members　of　either　House　on　any　question　shall；　at　the　Desire　of　one　fifth　of　those　present；　b