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the ragged trousered philanthropists-及68准

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   All those   Capitalists                                            possessed   Share´                                                 of          holders                                                hereditary  Ministers                                              wealth      of religion                                           ´´

`None of these people produce anything themselves察but by means of cunning and scheming they contrive between them to obtain possession of a very large portion of the things produced by the labour of others。

`Number three stands for those who work for wages or salaries察doing unnecessary work。  That is察producing things or doing things which ´ though useful and necessary to the Imbecile System ´ cannot be described as the necessaries of life or the benefits of civilization。 This is the largest section of all。  It comprises Commercial Travellers察Canvassers察Insurance agents察commission agents察the great number of Shop Assistants察the majority of clerks察workmen employed in the construction and adornment of business premises察people occupied with what they call ;Business;察which means being very busy without producing anything。  Then there is a vast army of people engaged in designing察composing察painting or printing advertisements察things which are for the most part of no utility whatever察the object of most advertisements is merely to persuade people to buy from one firm rather than from another。  If you want some butter it doesn't matter whether you buy it from Brown or Jones or Robinson。'

        1             2             3   ´´´    Tramps      Exploiters   All those                                Beggars     of Labour    engaged in                               Society     Thieves      unnecessary                              People      Swindlers    work                                     Aristoc´    Pickpockets                                           racy        Burglars                                              Great       Bishops                                               Landowners  Financiers                                            All those   Capitalists                                           possessed   Share´                                                of          holders                                               hereditary  Ministers                                             wealth      of religion                                          ´´´

During the delivery of this pert of the lecture察the audience began to manifest symptoms of impatience and dissent。  Perceiving this察Owen察speaking very rapidly察continued

`If you go down town察you will see half a dozen drapers' shops within a stone's´throw of each other ´ often even next door to each other ´ all selling the same things。  You can't possibly think that all those shops are really necessary拭 You know that one of them would serve the purpose for which they are all intended ´ to store and serve as a centre for the distribution of the things that are made by work。  If you will admit that five out of the six shops are not really necessary察you must also admit that the men who built them察and the salesmen and women or other assistants engaged in them察and the men who design and write and print their advertisements are all doing unnecessary work察all really wasting their time and labour察time and labour that might be employed in helping to produce these things that we are at present short of。  You must admit that none of these people are engaged in producing either the necessaries of life or the benefits of civilization。  They buy them察and sell them察and handle them察and haggle over察them察and display them察in the plate glass windows of ;Stores; and ;Emporiums; and make profit out of them察and use them察but these people themselves produce nothing that is necessary to life or happiness察and the things that some of them do produce are only necessary to the present imbecile system。'

`What the 'ell sort of a bloody system do you think we ought to 'ave察then' interrupted the man on the pail。

`Yes此you're very good at finding fault' sneered Slyme察 but why don't you tell us 'ow it's all going to be put right'

`Well察that's not what we're talking about now察is it' replied Owen。 `At present we're only trying to find out how it is that there is not sufficient produced for everyone to have enough of the things that are made by work。  Although most of the people in number three work very hard察they produce Nothing。'

`This is a lot of bloody rot' exclaimed Crass察impatiently。

`Even if there is more shops than what's actually necessary' cried Harlow察 it all helps people to get a livin'  If half of 'em was shut up察it would just mean that all them what works there would be out of a job。  Live and let live察I say此all these things makes work。'

`'Ear察'ear' shouted the man behind the moat。

`Yes察I know it makes ;work;' replied Owen察 but we can't live on mere ;work;察you know。  To live in comfort we need a sufficiency of the things that can be made by work。  A man might work very hard and yet be wasting his time if he were not producing something necessary or useful。

`Why are there so many shops and stores and emporiums拭 Do you imagine they exist for the purpose of giving those who build them察or work in them察a chance to earn a living拭Nothing of the sort。  They are carried on察and exorbitant prices are charged for the articles they sell察to enable the proprietors to amass fortunes察and to pay extortionate rents to the landlords。  That is why the wages and salaries of nearly all those who do the work created by these businesses are cut down to the lowest possible point。'

`We knows all about that' said Crass察 but you can't get away from it that all these things makes Work察and that's what we wants ´ Plenty of Work。'

Cries of `'Ear察'ear' and expressions of dissent from the views expressed by the lecturer resounded through the room察nearly everyone speaking at the same time。  After a while察when the row had in some measure subsided察Owen resumed

`Nature has not provided ready´made all the things necessary for the life and happiness of mankind。  In order to obtain these things we have to Work。  The only rational labour is that which is directed to the creation of those things。  Any kind of work which does not help us to attain this object is a ridiculous察idiotic察criminal察imbecile察waste of time。

`That is what the great army of people represented by division number three are doing at present此they are all very busy ´ working very hard ´ but to all useful intents and purposes they are doing Nothing。'

`Well察all right' said Harlow。  `'Ave it yer own way察but there's no need to keep on repeating the same thing over an' over again。'

`The next division' resumed Owen察 stands for those who are engaged in really useful work ´ the production of the benefits of civilization ´ the necessaries察refinements and comforts of life。'

        1             2             3            4   ´´    Tramps      Exploiters   All those    All those                  Beggars     of Labour    engaged in   engaged in                 Society     Thieves      unnecessary  necessary       U          People      Swindlers    work         work ´ the      N          Aristoc´    Pickpockets               production      E          racy        Burglars                  of the          M          Great       Bishops                   benefits        P          Landowners  Financiers                of              L          All those   Capitalists               civiliz´        O          possessed   Share´                    ation           Y          of          holders                                   E          hereditary  Ministers                                 D          wealth      of religion                                         ´´

`Hooray' shouted Philpot察leading off a cheer which was taken up enthusiastically by the crowd察 Hooray  This is where WE comes in' he added察nodding his head and winking his goggle eyes at the meeting。

`I wish to call the chairman to horder' said the man on the pail。

When Owen had finished writing in the list of occupations several members of the audience rose to point out that those engaged in the production of beer had been omitted。  Owen rectified this serious oversight and proceeded

`As most of the people in number four are out of work at least one quarter of their time察we must reduce the size of this division by one fourth ´ so。  The grey part represents the unemployed。'

`But some of those in number three are often unemployed as well' said Harlow。

Yes此but as THEY produce nothing even when they are at work we need not trouble to classify them unemployed察because our present purpose is only to discover the reason why there is not enough produced for everyone to enjoy abundance察and this ´ the Present System of conducting our affairs ´ is the reason of the shortage ´ the cause of poverty。  When you reflect that all the other people are devo

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