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witnesses。)  …  Decrees and proclamations regarding the protection

of the forests; November 3 and December 11; 1789。   …  Another in

October; 1790。   …  Another June 29; 1791。



'55' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3219。  Letter of the bailli de

Virieu; January 26; 1792。



'56' Mercure de France; December 3; 1791。  (Letter from Sarreluis;

November 15; 1791。)  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3223。  Letter of

the Municipal Officers of Montargis。  January 8; 1792。



'57' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3268。  Letter of the overseer of the

national domains at Rambouillet; October 31; 1792。   …  Report of

the minister Clavières; February 1。  1793。



'58' Decrees of August 14; 1792; June 10; 1793。   …  〃 Archives

Nationales;〃 Missions des Représentants; D; § 7。  (Deliberation of

the district of Troyes; 2 Ventose; an。  III。)  …  At Thunelières;

the drawing took place on the 10th Fructidor; year II; and was done

over again in behalf of a servant of Billy; an influential municipal

officer who 〃was the soul of his colleagues。〃  …  Ibid。  Abstract of

operations in the district of Arcis…sur…Aube; 30 Pluviose; year III。

〃Two…thirds of the communes hold this kind of property。  Most of

them have voted on and effected the partition; or are actually

engaged on it。



'59' Mercure de France; January 7; 1790。  (Chateau of Auxon in

Haute…Saone。)  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3255。  (Letter of the

minister to the Directory of Rhone…et…Loire; July 2; 1790。)  …

Mercure de France; July 17; 1790。  (Report of M。 de Broglie; July

13; and decree of July 13…18。)  … 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H; 1453。

(Correspondence of M。 de Bercheny; July 21; 1790。)



'60' Mercure de France; March 19; 1790。  Letter from Amien; February

28。  (Mallet du Pan publishes in the Mercure only letters which are

signed and authentic。)



'61' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  (Correspondence of M。 de

Thiard; letters of Chevalier de Bévy; December 26; 1789; and others

up to April 5; 1790。)  …  Moniteur; sitting of February 9; 1790。   …

Mercure de France; February 6 and March 6; 1790 (list of chateaux)。



'62' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  (correspondence of M。 de

Thiard。) Letters of the Mayor of Nantes; February 16; !790; of the

Municipality of Redon; February 19; etc。



'63' Mercure de France; February 6 and 27; 1790。  (Speech of M。 de

Foucault; sittings of February 2 and 5)  …  Moniteur (same dates)。

(Report of Grégoire; February 9; speeches by MM。 Sallé de Chaux and

de Noailles; February 9。)  …  Memorandum of the deputies of the town

of Tulle; drawn up by the Abbé Morellet (from the deliberations and

addresses of eighty…three boroughs and cities in the province)。



'64' In allusion to the feudal custom of paying seignorial dues on

the first of May around a maypole。  See further on。  'TR'



'65' Criminal Courts without appeal。…'TR。)



'66' Moniteur; sitting of March 4; 1790。   …  Duvergier; decrees of

March 6; 1790; and August 6…10 1790



'67' The address is dated February 11; 1793。  This singularly comic

document would alone suffice to make the history of the Revolution

perfectly comprehensible。



'68' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3203。  (Letters of the royal

commissioner; April 30 and May 9; 1790。)  …  Letter of the Duc de

Maillé; May 6。   …  Report from the administrators of the

department; November 12; 1790。   …  Moniteur VI。  515。



'69' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3225。  Letter of the Directory from

Ille…et…Vilaine; January 30; 1791; and letter from Dinan; January 29

…  Mercure de France; April 2 and 16; 1791。  Letters from Rennes;

March 20th; from Redon; March 12。



'70' So expressed in the minutes of the meeting。



'71' Moniteur; sitting of December 15; 1790。  (Address of the

department of Lot; December 7。)  …  Sitting of December 20 (Speech

by M。 de Foucault。)  …  Mercure de France; December 18; 1790。

(Letter from Belves; in Perigord; December 7。)  …  Ibid。; January

22; 29; 1791。  (Letter from M。 de Clarac; January 18。)



'72' December 17; 1790。



'73' January 7; 1791。



'74' Revolutionary archives of the department of Creuse; by Duval。

(Letter of the administrators of the department; March 31; 1791。)  …

〃 Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3209。  (Deliberation of the Directory of

the Department; May 12; 1791  …  Minutes of the meeting of the

municipality of La Souterraine; August 23; 1791。)



'75' 〃Archives Nationales〃; F7; 3269。  … Order of the directory of

the district of Ribérac; August 5; 1791; and requisitions of the

prosecuting attorney of the department; August 24; and September 11。

… Letter of the king's commissioner; August 22。



'76' A sort of export duty。…'TR。'



'77' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 P7; 3204。   …  Letter; from the

Directory of the Department; June 2; 1791; September 8 and 22。  …

Letter from the Minister of Justice; May 15; 1791。  …  Letter from

M。 de Lentilhac; September 2。   …  Letter from M。 Melon…Padon; Royal

Commissioner; September。   …  Mercure de France; May 14; 1791。

(Letter of an eye…witness; M。de Loyac; April 25; 1791。)



'78' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7。  3204。  Letters from M。 de Saint…

Victour; September 25; October 2 and 10; 1791。  …  Letter from the

steward of his estate; September 18。









CHAPTER III。  Development of the ruling Passion。



I。  Attitude of the nobles。  Their moderate resistance。



IF popular passion ended in murder it was not because resistance was

great or violent。  On the contrary; never did an aristocracy undergo

dispossession with so much patience; or employ less force in the

defense of its prerogatives; or even of its property。  To speak with

exactness; the class in question receives blows without returning

them; and when it does take up arms; it is always with the bourgeois

and the National Guard; at the request of the magistrates; in

conformity with the law; and for the protection of persons and

property。  The nobles try to avoid being either killed or robbed;

nothing more: for nearly three years they raise no political banner。

In the towns where they exert the most influence and which are

denounced as rebellious; for ex…ample in Mende and Arles; their

opposition is limited to the suppression of riots; the restraining

of the common people; and ensuring respect for the law; It is not

the new order of things against which they conspire; but against

brutal disorder。 … At Mende;〃 says the municipal body;'1' 〃we had

the honor of being the first to furnish the contributions of 1790。

We supplied the place of our bishop and installed his successor

without disturbance; and without the assistance of any foreign force

。  。  。  。  We dispersed the members of a cathedral body to which we

were attached by the ties of blood and friendship; we dismissed all;

from the bishop down to the children of the choir。  We had but three

communities of mendicant monks; and all three have been suppressed。

We have sold all national possessions without exception。〃  …  The

commander of their gendarmerie is; in fact; an old member of the

body…guard; while the superior officers of the National Guard are

gentlemen; or belong to the order of Saint…Louis。  It is very

evident that; if they defend themselves against Jacobins; they are

not insurgent against the National Assembly。  …  In Arles;'2' which

has put down its populace; which has armed itself; which has shut

its gates; and which passes for a focus of royalist conspiracy; the

commissioners sent by the King and by the National Assembly; men of

discretion and of consideration; find nothing; after a month's

investigation; but submission to the decrees and zeal for the public

welfare。



 〃Such;〃 they say; 〃are the men who have been calumniated because;

cherishing the Constitution; they hold fanaticism; demagogues and

anarchy; in horror。  If the citizens had not roused themselves when

the moment of danger arrived; they would have been slaughtered like

their neighbors (of Avignon)。  It is this insurrection against crime

which the brigands have slandered。〃 If their gates were shut it was

because 〃the National Guard of Marseilles; the same which behaved so

badly in the Comtat; flocked there under the pretext of maintaining

liberty and of forestalling the counter…revolution; but; in reality;

to village the town。〃



 Vive la Nation! Vive la Loi! Vive le Roi were the only cries heard

at the very quiet and orderly elections that had just taken place。



 〃The attachment of the citizens to the Constitution has been spoken

of。  。  。  。  Obedience to the laws; the readiest disposition to

discharge public contributions; were remarked by us among these

pretended counter…revolutionaries。  Those who are subject to the

license…tax came in crowds to the H?tel…de…Ville。〃 Scarcely 〃was the

bureau of receipts opened when it was filled with respectable

people; those on the contrary who style themselves good patriots;

republicans or anarchists; were not conspicuo

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