the city of the sun-第6节

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trates　of　arms；　of　artillery；　of　cavalry；　of　　foot…soldiers；　of　archi…
tects；　and　of　strategists；　and　the　masters　and　many　of　the
most　excellent　workmen　obey　the　magistrates；　the　men　of　each
art　paying　allegiance　to　their　respective　chiefs。　　Moreover；
Power　is　at　the　head　of　all　the　professors　of　gymnastics；　who
teach　military　exercise；　and　who　are　prudent　generals；　advanced
in　age。　　By　these　the　boys　are　trained　after　their　twelfth　year。
Before　this　age；　however；　they　have　been　accustomed　to　wres…
tling；　running；　throwing　the　weight；　and　other　minor　exercises；
under　inferior　masters。　　But　at　twelve　they　are　taught　how　to
strike　at　the　enemy；　at　horses　and　elephants；　to　handle　the　spear；
the　sword；　the　arrow；　and　the　sling；　to　manage　the　horse；　to
advance　and　to　retreat；　to　remain　in　order　of　battle；　to　help　a
comrade　in　arms；　to　anticipate　the　enemy　by　cunning；　and　to
conquer。

　　　The　women　also　are　taught　these　arts　under　their　own　magis…
trates　and　mistresses；　so　that　they　may　be　able　if　need　be　to
render　assistance　to　the　males　in　battles　near　the　city。　　They
are　taught　to　watch　the　fortifications　lest　at　some　time　a　hasty
attack　should　suddenly　be　made。　　In　this　respect　they　praise　the
Spartans　and　Amazons。　　The　women　know　well　also　how　to
let　fly　fiery　balls；　and　how　to　make　them　from　lead；　how　to
throw　stones　from　pinnacles　and　to　go　in　the　way　of　an　attack。
They　are　accustomed　also　to　give　up　wine　unmixed　altogether；
and　that　one　is　punished　most　severely　who　shows　any　fear。

　　　The　inhabitants　of　the　City　of　the　Sun　do　not　fear　death；
because　they　all　believe　that　the　soul　is　immortal；　and　that　when
it　has　left　the　body　it　is　associated　with　other　spirits；　wicked　or
good；　according　to　the　merits　of　this　present　life。　　Although
they　are　partly　followers　of　Brahma　and　Pythagoras；　they　do
not　believe　in　the　transmigration　of　souls；　except　in　some　cases
by　a　distinct　decree　of　God。　　They　do　not　abstain　from　injuring
an　enemy　of　the　republic　and　of　religion；　who　is　unworthy　of
pity。　　During　the　second　month　the　army　is　reviewed；　and　every
day　there　is　practice　of　arms；　either　in　the　cavalry　plain　or
within　the　walls。　　Nor　are　they　ever　without　lectures　on　the
science　of　war。　　They　take　care　that　the　accounts　of　Moses；　of
Joshua；　of　David；　of　Judas　Maccabaeus；　of　Caesar；　of　Alexander；
of　Scipio；　of　Hannibal；　and　other　great　soldiers　should　be　read。
And　then　each　one　gives　his　own　opinion　as　to　whether　these
generals　acted　well　or　ill；　usefully　or　honorably；　and　then　the
teacher　answers　and　says　who　are　right。


G。M。　　With　whom　do　they　wage　war；　and　for　what　reasons；
since　they　are　so　prosperous？


Capt。　　Wars　might　never　occur；　nevertheless　they　are　exer…
cised　in　military　tactics　and　in　hunting；　lest　perchance　they
should　become　effeminate　and　unprepared　for　any　emergency。
Besides；　there　are　four　kingdoms　in　the　island；　which　are　very
envious　of　their　prosperity；　for　this　reason　that　the　people　de…
sire　to　live　after　the　manner　of　the　inhabitants　of　the　City　of
the　Sun；　and　to　be　under　their　rule　rather　than　that　of　their
own　kings。　　Wherefore　the　State　often　makes　war　upon　these
because；　being　neighbors；　they　are　usurpers　and　live　impiously；
since　they　have　not　an　object　of　worship　and　do　not　observe　the
religion　of　other　nations　or　of　the　Brahmins。　　And　other
nations　of　India；　to　which　formerly　they　were　subject；　rise　up
as　it　were　in　rebellion；　as　also　do　the　Taprobanese；　whom　they
wanted　to　join　them　at　first。　　The　warriors　of　the　City　of　the
Sun；　however；　are　always　the　victors。　　As　soon　as　they　suffered
from　insult　or　disgrace　or　plunder；　or　when　their　allies　have
been　harassed；　or　a　people　have　been　oppressed　by　a　tyrant　of
the　State　（for　they　are　always　the　advocates　of　liberty）；　they
go　immediately　to　the　Council　for　deliberation。　　After　they
have　knelt　in　the　presence　of　God；　that　he　might　inspire　their
consultation；　they　proceed　to　examine　the　merits　of　the　busi…
ness；　and　thus　war　is　decided　on。　　Immediately　after；　a　priest；
whom　they　call　Forensic；　is　sent　away。　　He　demands　from　the
enemy　the　restitution　of　the　plunder；　asks　that　the　allies　should
be　freed　from　oppression；　or　that　the　tyrant　should　be　deposed。
If　they　deny　these　things　war　is　declared　by　invoking　the　ven…
geance　of　God　　the　God　of　Sabaoth　　for　destruction　of　those
who　maintain　an　unjust　cause。　　But　if　the　enemy　refuse　to　re…
ply；　the　priest　gives　him　the　space　of　one　hour　for　his　answer；
if　he　is　a　king；　but　three　if　it　is　a　republic；　so　that　they　cannot
escape　giving　a　response。　　And　in　this　manner　is　war　under…
taken　against　the　insolent　enemies　of　natural　rights　and　of　re…
ligion。　　When　war　has　been　declared；　the　deputy　of　Power
performs　everything；　but　Power；　like　the　Roman　dictator；　plans
and　wills　everything；　so　that　hurtful　tardiness　may　be　avoided。
And　when　anything　of　great　moment　arises　he　consults　Hoh
and　Wisdom　and　Love。

　　　Before　this；　however；　the　occasion　of　war　and　the　justice　of
making　an　expedition　are　declared　by　a　herald　in　the　great
Council。　　All　from　twenty　years　and　upward　are　admitted　to
this　Council；　and　thus　the　necessaries　are　agreed　upon。　　All
kinds　of　weapons　stand　in　the　armories；　and　these　they　use　often
in　sham　fights。　　The　exterior　walls　of　each　ring　are　full　of
guns　prepared　by　their　labors；　and　they　have　other　engines　for
hurling　which　are　called　cannons；　and　which　they　take　into
battle　upon　mules　and　asses　and　carriages。　　When　they　have
arrived　in　an　open　plain　they　enclose　in　the　middle　the　provis…
ions；　engines　of　war；　chariots；　ladders；　and　machines；　and　all
fight　courageously。　　Then　each　one　returns　to　the　standards；
and　the　enemy　thinking　that　they　are　giving　and　preparing　to
flee；　are　deceived　and　relax　their　order：　then　the　warriors　of
the　City　of　the　Sun；　wheeling　into　wings　and　columns　on　each
side；　regain　their　breath　and　strength；　and　ordering　the　artillery
to　discharge　their　bullets　they　resume　the　fight　against　a　disor…
ganized　host。　　And　they　observe　many　ruses　of　this　kind。
They　overcome　all　mortals　with　their　stratagems　and　engines。
Their　camp　is　fortified　after　the　manner　of　the　Romans。　　They
pitch　their　tents　and　fortify　with　wall　and　ditch　with　wonderful
quickness。　　The　masters　of　works；　of　engines　and　hurling
machines；　stand　ready；　and　the　soldiers　understand　the　use　of
the　spade　and　the　axe。

　　　Five；　eight；　or　ten　leaders　learned　in　the　order　of　battle　and
in　strategy　consult　together　concerning　the　business　of　war；
and　command　their　bands　after　consultation。　　It　is　their　wont
to　take　out　with　them　a　body　of　boys；　armed　and　on　horses；　so
that　they　may　learn　to　fight；　just　as　the　whelps　of　lions　and
wolves　are　accustomed　to　blood。　　And　these　in　time　of　danger
betake　themselves　to　a　place　of　safety；　along　with　many　armed
women。　　After　the　battle　the　women　and　boys　soothe　and　re…
lieve　the　pain　of　the　warriors；　and　wait　upon　them　and　encour…
age　them　with　embraces　and　pleasant　words。　　How　wonderful
a　help　is　this！　　For　the　soldiers；　in　order　that　they　may　acquit
themselves　as　sturdy　men　in　the　eyes　of　their　wives　and　off…
spring；　endure　hardships；　and　so　love　makes　them　conquerors。
He　who　in　the　fight　first　scales　the　enemy's　walls　receives　after
the　battle　of　a　crown　of　grass；　as　a　token　of　honor；　and　at　the
presentation　the　women　and　boys　applaud　loudly；　that　one　who
affords　aid　to　an　ally　gets　a　civic　crown　of　oak…leaves；　he　who
kills　a　tyrant　dedicates　his　arms　in　the　temple　and　receives　from
Hoh　the　cognomen　of　his　deed；　and　other　warriors　obtain　other
kinds　of　crowns。

　　　Every　horse…soldier　carries　a　spear　and　two　strongly　tem…
pered　pistols；　narrow　at　the　mouth；　hanging　from　his　saddle。
And　to　get　the　barrels　of　their　pistols　narrow　they　pierce　the
metal　which　they　intend　to　convert　into　arms。　　Further；　every
cavalry　soldier　has　a　sword　and　a　dagger。　　But　the　rest；　who
form　the　light…armed　troops；　carry　a　metal　cudgel。　　For　if　the
foe　cannot　pierce　their　metal　for　pistols　and　cannot　make
swords；　they　attack　him　with　clubs；　shatter　and　overthrow　him。
Two　chains　of　six　spans　length　hang　from　the　club；　and　at　the
end　of　these　are　iron　balls；　and　when　these　are　aimed　at　the
enemy　they　surround　his　neck　and　drag　him　to　the　ground；　and
in　order　that　they　may　be　able　to　use　the　club　more　easily；　they
do　not　hold　the　reins　with　their　hands；　but　use　them　by　means
of　the　feet。　　If　perchance　the　reins　are　interchanged　above　the
trappings　of　the　saddle；　the　ends　are　fastened　to　the　stirrups
with　buckles；　and　not　to　the　feet。　　And　the　stirrups　have　an　ar…
rangement　for　swift　movement　of　the　bridle；　so　that　they　draw
in　or　let　out　the　rein　with　marvellous　celerity。　　With　the　right
foot　they　turn　the　horse　to　the　left；　and　with　the　left　to　the　right。
This　secret；　moreover；　is　not　known　to　the　Tartars。　　For；　al…
though　they　govern　the　reins　with　their　feet；　they　are　ignorant
nevertheless　of　turning　them　and　drawing　them　in　and　letting
them　out　by　means　of　the　block　of　the　stirrups。　　The　light…
armed　cavalry　with　them　are　the　first　to　engage　in　battle；　then
the　men　forming　the　phalanx　with　their　spears；　then　the　archers
for　whose　services　a　great　price