personal memoirs-2-及7准
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TORBERT DETAILED TO GIVE GENERAL ROSSER A ;DRUBBING;GENERAL ROSSER
ROUTEDTELEGRAPHED TO MEET STANTONLONGSTREET'S MESSAGERETURN TO
WINCHESTERTHE RIDE TO CEDAR CREEKTHE RETREATING ARMYRALLYING
THE TROOPSREFORMING THE LINECOMMENCING THE ATTACKDEFEAT OF THE
CONFEDERATESAPPOINTED A MAJOR´GENERAL IN THE REGULAR ARMYRESULTS
OF THE BATTLE。
While we lay in camp at Harrisonburg it became necessary to decide
whether or not I would advance to Brown's Gap察and察after driving the
enemy from there察follow him through the Blue Ridge into eastern
Virginia。 Indeed察this question began to cause me solicitude as soon
as I knew Early had escaped me at New Market察for I felt certain that
I should be urged to pursue the Confederates toward Charlottesville
and Gordonsville察and be expected to operate on that line against
Richmond。 For many reasons I was much opposed to such a plan察but
mainly because its execution would involve the opening of the Orange
and Alexandria railroad。 To protect this road against the raids of
the numerous guerrilla bands that infested the region through which
it passed察and to keep it in operation察would require a large force
of infantry察and would also greatly reduce my cavalry察besides察I
should be obliged to leave a force in the valley strong enough to
give security to the line of the upper Potomac and the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad察and this alone would probably take the whole of
Crook's command察leaving me a wholly inadequate number of fighting
men to prosecute a campaign against the city of Richmond。 Then察too
I was in doubt whether the besiegers could hold the entire army at
Petersburg察and in case they could not察a number of troops sufficient
to crush me might be detached by Lee察moved rapidly by rail察and
after overwhelming me察be quickly returned to confront General Meade。
I was satisfied察moreover察that my transportation could not supply me
further than Harrisonburg察and if in penetrating the Blue Ridge I met
with protracted resistance察a lack of supplies might compel me to
abandon the attempt at a most inopportune time。
I therefore advised that the Valley campaign be terminated north of
Staunton察and I be permitted to return察carrying out on the way my
original instructions for desolating the Shenandoah country so as to
make it untenable for permanent occupation by the Confederates。 I
proposed to detach the bulk of my army when this work of destruction
was completed察and send it by way of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad
through Washington to the Petersburg line察believing that I could
move it more rapidly by that route than by any other。 I was
confident that if a movement of this character could be made with
celerity it would culminate in the capture of Richmond and possibly
of General Lee's army察and I was in hopes that General Grant would
take the same view of the matter察but just at this time he was so
pressed by the Government and by public´opinion at the North察that he
advocated the wholly different conception of driving Early into
eastern Virginia察and adhered to this plan with some tenacity。
Considerable correspondence regarding the subject took place between
us察throughout which I stoutly maintained that we should not risk察by
what I held to be a false move察all that my army had gained。 I being
on the ground察General Grant left to me the final decision of the
question察and I solved the first step by determining to withdraw down
the valley at least as far as Strasburg察which movement was begun on
the 6th of October。
The cavalry as it retired was stretched across the country from the
Blue Ridge to the eastern slope of the Alleghanies察with orders to
drive off all stock and destroy all supplies as it moved northward。
The infantry preceded the cavalry察passing down the Valley pike察and
as we marched along the many columns of smoke from burning stacks
and mills filled with grain察indicated that the adjacent country was
fast losing the features which hitherto had made it a great magazine
of stores for the Confederate armies。
During the 6th and 7th of October察the enemy's horse followed us up
though at a respectful distance。 This cavalry was now under command
of General T。 W。 Rosser察who on October 5 had joined Early with an
additional brigade from Richmond。 As we proceeded the Confederates
gained confidence察probably on account of the reputation with which
its new commander had been heralded察and on the third day's march had
the temerity to annoy my rear guard considerably。 Tired of these
annoyances察I concluded to open the enemy's eyes in earnest察so that
night I told Torbert I expected him either to give Rosser a drubbing
next morning or get whipped himself察and that the infantry would be
halted until the affair was over察I also informed him that I proposed
to ride out to Round Top Mountain to see the fight。 When I decided
to have Rosser chastised察Merritt was encamped at the foot of Round
Top察an elevation just north of Tom's Brook察and Custer some six
miles farther north and west察near Tumbling Run。 In the night Custer
was ordered to retrace his steps before daylight by the Back road
which is parallel to and about three miles from the Valley pike察and
attack the enemy at Tom's Brook crossing察while Merritt's
instructions were to assail him on the Valley pike in concert with
Custer。 About 7 in the morning察Custer's division encountered Rosser
himself with three brigades察and while the stirring sounds of the
resulting artillery duel were reverberating through the valley
Merritt moved briskly to the front and fell upon Generals Lomax and
Johnson on the Valley pike。 Merritt察by extending his right察quickly
established connection with Custer察and the two divisions moved
forward together under Torbert's direction察with a determination to
inflict on the enemy the sharp and summary punishment his rashness
had invited。
The engagement soon became general across the valley察both sides
fighting mainly mounted。 For about two hours the contending lines
struggled with each other along Tom's Brook察the charges and counter
charges at many points being plainly visible from the summit of Round
Top察where I had my headquarters for the time。
The open country permitting a sabre fight察both sides seemed bent on
using that arm。 In the centre the Confederates maintained their
position with much stubbornness察and for a time seemed to have
recovered their former spirit察but at last they began to give way on
both flanks察and as these receded察Merritt and Custer went at the
wavering ranks in a charge along the whole front。 The result was a
general smash´up of the entire Confederate line察the retreat quickly
degenerating into a rout the like of which was never before seen。
For twenty´six miles this wild stampede kept up察with our troopers
close at the enemy's heels察and the ludicrous incidents of the chase
never ceased to be amusing topics around the camp´fires of Merritt
and Custer。 In the fight and pursuit Torbert took eleven pieces of
artillery察with their caissons察all the wagons and ambulances the
enemy had on the ground察and three hundred prisoners。 Some of
Rosser's troopers fled to the mountains by way of Columbia Furnace
and some up the Valley pike and into the Massamitten Range
apparently not discovering that the chase had been discontinued till
south of Mount Jackson they rallied on Early's infantry。
After this catastrophe察Early reported to General Lee that his
cavalry was so badly demoralized that it should be dismounted察and
the citizens of the valley察intensely disgusted with the boasting and
swaggering that had characterized the arrival of the ;Laurel Brigade;
in that section察baptized the action known to us as Tom's Brook the
;Woodstock Races察─and never tired of poking fun at General Rosser
about his precipitate and inglorious flight。 When Rosser arrived
from Richmond with his brigade he was proclaimed as the savior of the
Valley察and his men came all bedecked with laurel branches。
On the l0th my army察resuming its retrograde movement察crossed to the
north side of Cedar Creek。 The work of repairing the Manassas Gap
branch of the Orange and Alexandria railroad had been begun some days
before察out from Washington察and察anticipating that it would be in
readiness to transport troops by the time they could reach Piedmont
I directed the Sixth Corps to continue its march toward Front Royal
expecting to return to the Army of the Potomac by that line。 By the
12th察however察my views regarding the reconstruction of this railroad
began to prevail察and the work on it was discontinued。 The Sixth
Corps察therefore察abandoned that route察and moved toward Ashby's Gap
with the purpose of marching direct to Washington察but on the l3th I
recalled it to Cedar Creek察in consequence of the arrival of the
enemy's infantry at Fisher's Hill察and the receipt察the night before
of the following